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oam/knowledge base/nix.md
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# The Nix package manager
## Table of contents <!-- omit in toc -->
1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
1. [Further readings](#further-readings)
1. [Sources](#sources)
## TL;DR
```sh
# Install Nix in single-user mode (suggested).
# Works on most Linux even *without systemd* or with SELinux *enabled*.
# *Not* supported on MacOSX.
bash <(curl -L 'https://nixos.org/nix/install') --no-daemon
# Install Nix in multi-user mode.
# Only works on Linux *using systemd* with SELinux *disabled*. Or MacOSX.
curl -L 'https://nixos.org/nix/install' | sh
bash <(curl -L 'https://nixos.org/nix/install') --daemon
# List configured channels.
nix-channel --list
# Update channels.
nix-channel --update
nix-channel --update 'nixpkgs'
# List installed packages.
nix-env -q
nix-env --query --installed
# List available packages.
# Without '--attr' it takes a worrying amount of resources at the time of
# writing, and froze a VM multiple times during experimentation.
nix-env -qa --attr 'nixpkgs'
nix-env --query --available --attr 'nixpkgs'
# Install packages.
nix-env -i 'coreutils'
nix-env --install --attr 'nixpkgs.parallel'
# Update packages.
# After a channel update.
nix-env -u '*'
nix-env --upgrade --attr 'nixpkgs.firefox'
# Remove packages.
nix-env -e 'coreutils'
nix-env --uninstall --dry-run 'parallel'
# Rollback `nix-env` actions.
nix-env --rollback
# Create a new shell environment with specific programs on top of the current
# state of the user environment.
# Useful to test packages without installing them system-wide.
nix-shell -p 'cowsay' 'lolcat'
nix-shell --packages 'cowsay' 'lolcat'
# Create a new shell environment with specific programs on top of the current
# state of the user environment, then run specific commands in it and exit.
nix-shell -p 'cowsay' 'lolcat' --run 'cowsay "something" | lolcat'
# Free up space occupied by unreachable store objects like packages used in
# temporary shell environments.
nix-collect-garbage
nix-collect-garbage --delete-old
nix-collect-garbage -d --dry-run
nix-store --gc
# Evaluate Nix expressions in an interactive session.
nix repl
# Evaluate Nix expressions from files.
# The file path defaults to 'default.nix'.
nix-instantiate --eval
nix-instantiate --eval 'path/to/file.nix'
# Uninstall Nix in single-user mode.
# Also remove references from '~/.bash_profile' and '~/.zshenv'.
rm -rf '/nix'
# Uninstall Nix in multi-user mode.
# Oooh boi.
# Check https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/installation/uninstall#multi-user.
```
## Further readings
- [Website]
- [NixOS]
### Sources
- [Manual]
<!--
Reference
═╬═Time══
-->
<!-- Knowledge base -->
[nixos]: nixos.md
<!-- Upstream -->
[manual]: https://nix.dev/manual/nix/2.19/
[website]: https://nix.dev