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oam/knowledge base/gitlab/README.md
Michele Cereda 0620176994 chore(kb/gitlab): give pipelines their own article
2024-06-20 23:56:12 +02:00

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Gitlab

  1. TL;DR
  2. Package
  3. Kubernetes
    1. Helm chart
    2. Operator
  4. Repository management
    1. Different owners for parts of the code base
    2. Get the version of the helper image to use for a runner
  5. Manage kubernetes clusters
  6. Maintenance mode
  7. Runners
  8. CI/CD pipelines
  9. Troubleshooting
    1. Use access tokens to clone projects
    2. Gitlab keeps answering with code 502
  10. Further readings
    1. Sources

TL;DR

Using -H 'PRIVATE-TOKEN: glpat-m-…' in API calls is the same as using -H 'Authorization: bearer glpat-m-…'.

# List the current application settings of the GitLab instance.
curl -H 'PRIVATE-TOKEN: glpat-m-…' 'https://gitlab.fqdn/api/v4/application/settings'

# Enable maintenance mode.
curl -X 'PUT' -H 'PRIVATE-TOKEN: glpat-m-…' 'https://gitlab.fqdn/api/v4/application/settings?maintenance_mode=true'

# Disable maintenance mode.
curl -X 'PUT' -H 'PRIVATE-TOKEN: glpat-m-…' 'https://gitlab.fqdn/api/v4/application/settings?maintenance_mode=false'

Package

Previously known as 'Omnibus'.

Default backup location: /var/opt/gitlab/backups.

Installation

Refer Install self-managed GitLab.

sudo dnf install 'gitlab-ee'
sudo EXTERNAL_URL='http://gitlab.example.com' GITLAB_ROOT_PASSWORD='smthng_Strong_0r_it_llfail' apt install 'gitlab-ee'

sudo gitlab-rake 'gitlab:env:info'
Configuration

Template

The application of configuration changes is handled by Chef Infra.
It runs checks, ensures directories, permissions, and services are in place and working, and restarts components if any of their configuration files have changed.

# Change application settings.
# Useful to reach those ones not available in the configuration file.
sudo gitlab-rails runner '
  ::Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update!(gravatar_enabled: false);
  ::Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update!(remember_me_enabled: false);
  ::Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update!(email_confirmation_setting: "hard");
'

# Disable public registration.
sudo gitlab-rails runner '::Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update!(signup_enabled: false)'

# Validate.
# Just makes sure the file is readable from a ruby app.
# Gitlab's internal checks do not really do anything.
sudo vim '/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb'
sudo ruby -c '/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb'
sudo gitlab-ctl show-config

# Check if there are any configuration in the configuration file that is removed in specified versions.
# Useless by experience.
sudo gitlab-ctl check-config
sudo gitlab-ctl check-config -v '16.11.0'

# Make Gitlab aware of the changes.
sudo gitlab-ctl reconfigure

Backup settings for AWS buckets.
See Back up Gitlab using Amazon S3:

# If using an IAM Profile, don't configure 'aws_access_key_id' and
# 'aws_secret_access_key' but set "'use_iam_profile' => true" instead.
gitlab_rails['backup_upload_connection'] = {
  'provider' => 'AWS',
  'region' => 'eu-west-1',
  'aws_access_key_id' => 'AKIAKIAKI',
  'aws_secret_access_key' => 'secret123'
}

# It appears one can use prefixes by appending them to the bucket name.
# See https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/charts/gitlab/-/issues/3376.
gitlab_rails['backup_upload_remote_directory'] = 'bucket-name/prefix'

# Use multipart uploads when the archive's size exceeds 100MB.
gitlab_rails['backup_multipart_chunk_size'] = 104857600

# Only keep 7 days worth of backups.
gitlab_rails['backup_keep_time'] = 604800

The package's included nginx generates keys and a self-signed certificate for the external URL upon start if the given URL's schema is HTTPS.
The Let's Encrypt account key is in OpenSSL format, while the certificate's key is in OpenSSH format. Both are not password protected.

Maintenance 
# Check the components' state.
sudo gitlab-ctl status

# Get the services' logs.
sudo gitlab-ctl tail
sudo gitlab-ctl tail 'nginx'

# Restart services.
sudo gitlab-ctl restart
sudo gitlab-ctl restart 'nginx'

# Run checks for the whole system.
sudo gitlab-rake 'gitlab:check'

# Create backups.
sudo gitlab-backup create
sudo gitlab-backup create BACKUP='prefix_override' STRATEGY='copy'

# Create empty backup archives for testing purposes.
# See https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/backup_restore/backup_gitlab.html#excluding-specific-data-from-the-backup
sudo gitlab-backup create … \
  SKIP='db,repositories,uploads,builds,artifacts,pages,lfs,terraform_state,registry,packages,ci_secure_files'

# Create backups of the configuration.
sudo gitlab-ctl backup-etc
sudo gitlab-ctl backup-etc && ls -t '/etc/gitlab/config_backup/' | head -n '1'

# Restore backups.
sudo aws s3 cp 's3://backups/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json' '/etc/gitlab/gitlab-secrets.json' \
&& sudo aws s3 cp 's3://backups/gitlab/gitlab.rb' '/etc/gitlab/gitlab.rb' \
&& sudo aws s3 cp \
  's3://backups/gitlab/11493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce_gitlab_backup.tar' \
  '/var/opt/gitlab/backups/' \
&& sudo gitlab-ctl stop 'puma' \
&& sudo gitlab-ctl stop 'sidekiq' \
&& sudo GITLAB_ASSUME_YES=1 gitlab-backup restore BACKUP='11493107454_2018_04_25_10.6.4-ce' \
&& sudo gitlab-ctl restart \
&& sudo gitlab-rake 'gitlab:check' SANITIZE=true \
&& sudo gitlab-rake 'gitlab:doctor:secrets' \
&& sudo gitlab-rake 'gitlab:artifacts:check' \
&& sudo gitlab-rake 'gitlab:lfs:check' \
&& sudo gitlab-rake 'gitlab:uploads:check'

# Upgrade the package.
sudo yum check-update
sudo gitlab-backup create
tmux new-session -As 'gitlab-upgrade' "sudo yum update 'gitlab-ee'"

# Reset the root user's password.
sudo gitlab-rake 'gitlab:password:reset[root]'
sudo gitlab-rails console  \
  # --> user = User.find_by_username 'root'
  # --> user.password = 'QwerTy184'
  # --> user.password_confirmation = 'QwerTy184'
  # --> user.password_automatically_set = false
  # --> user.save!
  # --> quit
sudo gitlab-rails runner '
  user = User.find_by_username "anUsernameHere";
  new_password = "QwerTy184";
  user.password = new_password;
  user.password_confirmation = new_password;
  user.password_automatically_set = false;
  user.save!
'

# Disable users' two factor authentication.
sudo gitlab-rails runner 'User.where(username: "anUsernameHere").each(&:disable_two_factor!)'

Migration procedure:

  1. Put the old instance in maintenance mode
  2. Take a full backup of the old instance
  3. Copy the configuration and secrets from the old instance to the new one
  4. Change the DNS to the new instance
  5. Reconfigure the new instance
  6. Restore the full backup on the new instance
Removal

Refer https://gitlab.com/gitlab-org/omnibus-gitlab/-/blob/master/doc/installation/index.md#uninstall-the-linux-package-omnibus.

# Remove all users and groups created by the package.
sudo gitlab-ctl stop && sudo gitlab-ctl remove-accounts

# Remove all data.
sudo gitlab-ctl cleanse && sudo rm -r '/opt/gitlab'

# Uninstall the package.
sudo apt remove 'gitlab-ee'
sudo dnf remove 'gitlab-ee'

Kubernetes

Helm chart

Gitlab offers an official helm chart to to allow for deployments on kubernetes clusters.

Follow the deployment guide for details and updated information.

Deployment

  1. Prepare the environment:

    export \
  ENVIRONMENT='minikube' \
  NAMESPACE='gitlab' \
  VALUES_DIR="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/kubernetes/helm/gitlab"

  2. Validate the values and install the chart.

    The installation took > 20m on a MacBook Pro 16-inch 2019 with Intel i7 and 16GB RAM.

    # validation
helm upgrade --install \
  --namespace "${NAMESPACE}" \
  --values "${VALUES_DIR}/values.${ENVIRONMENT}.yaml" \
  'gitlab' \
  'gitlab/gitlab' \
  --dry-run

# installation
helm upgrade --install \
  --atomic \
  --create-namespace \
  --namespace "${NAMESPACE}" \
  --timeout 0 \
  --values "${VALUES_DIR}/values.${ENVIRONMENT}.yaml" \
  'gitlab' \
  'gitlab/gitlab' \
  --debug

  3. Keep an eye on the installation:

    kubectl get events \
  --namespace "${NAMESPACE}" \
  --sort-by '.metadata.creationTimestamp' \
  --watch

# requires `watch` from 'procps-ng'
# `brew install watch`
watch kubectl get all --namespace "${NAMESPACE}"

# requires `k9s`
# `brew install k9s`
k9s --namespace "${NAMESPACE}"

  4. Get the login password for the root user:

    kubectl get secret 'gitlab-gitlab-initial-root-password' \
  --namespace "${NAMESPACE}" \
  -o jsonpath='{.data.password}' \
| base64 --decode

  5. Open the login page:

    export URL="https://$(kubectl get ingresses --namespace 'gitlab' | grep 'webservice' | awk '{print $2}')"

xdg-open "${URL}"   # on linux
open "${URL}"       # on mac os x

  6. Have fun!

To delete everything:

helm uninstall --namespace "${NAMESPACE}" 'gitlab'
kubectl delete --ignore-not-found namespace "${NAMESPACE}"
Maintenance

  • Add and update Gitlab's helm repository:

    helm repo add 'gitlab' 'https://charts.gitlab.io/'
helm repo update

  • Look up the chart's version:

    $ helm search repo 'gitlab/gitlab'
NAME             CHART VERSION   APP VERSION     DESCRIPTION
gitlab/gitlab    4.9.3           13.9.3          Web-based Git-repository manager with wiki and ...

  • Fetch the chart:

    helm fetch 'gitlab/gitlab' --untar --untardir "$CHART_DIR"
helm fetch 'gitlab/gitlab' --untar --untardir "$CHART_DIR" --version "$CHART_VERSION"

  • Get the default values for the chart:

    helm inspect values 'gitlab/gitlab' > "${VALUES_DIR}/values.yaml"
helm inspect values --version "$CHART_VERSION" 'gitlab/gitlab' > "${VALUES_DIR}/values-${CHART_VERSION}.yaml"

    export VALUES_DIR="$(git rev-parse --show-toplevel)/kubernetes/helm/gitlab"
helm inspect values 'gitlab/gitlab' > "${VALUES_DIR}/values.yaml"

  • Create a dedicated values file with the changes one needs (see the helm chart gotchas below):

    global:
  edition: ce
  ingress:
    configureCertmanager: false
  time_zone: UTC
certmanager:
  install: false
gitlab-runner:
  install: false

  • Upgrade the stored chart to a new version:

    helm repo update
rm -r "${CHART_DIR}/gitlab"
helm fetch 'gitlab/gitlab' --untar --untardir "$CHART_DIR" --version "$CHART_VERSION"
Minikube

When testing with a minikube installation with 8GiB RAM, kubernetes complained being out of memory.
Be sure to give your cluster enough resources:

# on linux
minikube start --kubernetes-version "${K8S_VERSION}" --cpus '4' --memory '12GiB'

# on mac os x
minikube start --kubernetes-version "${K8S_VERSION}" --cpus '8' --memory '12GiB'       # docker-desktop (no Ingresses)
minikube start --kubernetes-version "${K8S_VERSION}" --cpus '8' --memory '12GiB' --vm  # hyperkit vm (to be able to use Ingresses)

or consider using the minimal Minikube example values file as reference, as stated in CPU and RAM Resource Requirements

  1. Finish preparing the environment:

    export K8S_VERSION='v1.16.15'

  2. Enable the ingress and metrics-server addons:

    minikube addons enable 'ingress'
minikube addons enable 'metrics-server'

  3. When using the LoadBalancer Ingress type (the default), start a tunnel in a different shell to let the installation finish:

    minikube tunnel -c

  4. Install the chart as described above.

  5. Add minikube's IP address to the /etc/hosts file:

    kubectl get ingresses --namespace 'gitlab' | grep 'webservice' | awk '{print $3 "  " $2}' | sudo tee -a '/etc/hosts'
Gotchas

  • Use self-signed certs and avoid using certmanager setting up the following:

    global:
  ingress:
    configureCertmanager: false
certmanager:
  install: false

  • Avoid using a load balancer (mainly for local testing) setting the ingress type to NodePort:

    nginx-ingress:
  controller:
    service:
      type: NodePort

  • As of 2021-01-15, a clean minikube cluster with only gitlab installed takes up about 1 vCPU and 6+ GiB RAM:

    $ kubectl top nodes
NAME       CPU(cores)   CPU%   MEMORY(bytes)   MEMORY%
minikube   965m         12%    6375Mi          53%

    $ kubectl get pods --namespace 'gitlab'
NAMESPACE     NAME                                                   READY   STATUS        RESTARTS   AGE
gitlab        gitlab-gitaly-0                                        1/1     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-gitlab-exporter-547cf7fbff-xzqjp                1/1     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-gitlab-shell-5c5b8dd9cd-g4z7b                   1/1     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-gitlab-shell-5c5b8dd9cd-ppbtk                   1/1     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-migrations-2-j6lt6                              0/1     Completed     0          8m27s
gitlab        gitlab-minio-6dd7d96ddb-xxq9w                          1/1     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-minio-create-buckets-2-q5zfg                    0/1     Completed     0          8m27s
gitlab        gitlab-nginx-ingress-controller-7fc8cbf49d-b9lqm       1/1     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-nginx-ingress-controller-7fc8cbf49d-ng589       1/1     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-nginx-ingress-default-backend-7ff88b95f-lv5vt   1/1     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-postgresql-0                                    2/2     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-prometheus-server-6cfb57f575-cs669              2/2     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-redis-master-0                                  2/2     Running       0          71m
gitlab        gitlab-registry-6c75496fc7-fgbvb                       1/1     Running       0          8m16s
gitlab        gitlab-registry-6c75496fc7-fhsqs                       1/1     Running       0          8m27s
gitlab        gitlab-sidekiq-all-in-1-v1-64b9c56675-lf29p            1/1     Running       0          8m27s
gitlab        gitlab-task-runner-7897bb897d-br5g5                    1/1     Running       0          7m54s
gitlab        gitlab-webservice-default-7846fb55d6-4pspg             2/2     Running       0          7m37s
gitlab        gitlab-webservice-default-7846fb55d6-tmjqm             2/2     Running       0          8m27s

    with a spike of 5 vCPUs upon installation (specially for sidekiq). Keep this in mind when sizing the test cluster

  • Disable TLS setting up the following values:

    global:
  hosts:
    https: false
  ingress:
    tls:
      enabled: false

  • Use a suffix in the ingresses hosts setting up the global.hosts.hostSuffix value:

    $ helm template \
    --namespace "${NAMESPACE}" \
    --values "${VALUES_DIR}/values.${ENVIRONMENT}.yaml" \
    --set global.hosts.hostSuffix='test' \
    'gitlab' \
    'gitlab/gitlab' \
  | yq -r 'select(.kind == "Ingress") | .spec.rules[].host' -

gitlab-test.f.q.dn
minio-test.f.q.dn
registry-test.f.q.dn

Operator

See the operator guide and the operator code for details.

Repository management

Different owners for parts of the code base

Refer to code owners for more and updated information.

Leverage code owners.

By adding code owners to the repository, they become eligible approvers in the project for MRs that contain those files.
Enable the eligible approvers merge request approval rule in the project's Settings > Merge requests.

Require code owner approval for protected branches in the project's Settings > Repository > Protected branches.

Gotchas:

  • Specifying owners for paths overwrites the previous owners list.
    There seems to be no way to inherit and add (and not just overwrite) owners that would not require the list being repeated.
  • There is as of 2024-04-10 no way to assign ownership by using aliases for roles (like maintainers or developers); only groups or users are allowed.
    This feature is being added, but it has been open for over 3y now. See Ability to reference Maintainers or Developers from CODEOWNERS.

Get the version of the helper image to use for a runner

The gitlab/gitlab-runner-helper images are tagged using the runner's os, architecture, and git revision.

One needs to know the version of Gitlab and of the runner one wants to use.
Usually, the runner's version is the one most similar to Gitlab's version (e.g. Gitlab: 13.6.2 → gitlab-runner: 13.6.0).

To get the tag to use for the helper, check the runner's version:

$ docker run --rm --name 'runner' 'gitlab/gitlab-runner:alpine-v13.6.0' --version
Version:      13.6.0
Git revision: 8fa89735
Git branch:   13-6-stable
GO version:   go1.13.8
Built:        2020-11-21T06:16:31+0000
OS/Arch:      linux/amd64

In this case, the os is Linux, the architecture is amd64 and the revision is 8fa89735. So, following their instructions, the tag will be x86_64-8fa89735:

$ docker pull 'gitlab/gitlab-runner-helper:x86_64-8fa89735'
x86_64-8fa89735: Pulling from gitlab/gitlab-runner-helper
a1514ca1e64d: Pull complete
Digest: sha256:4e239257280eb0fa750f1ef30975dacdef5f5346bfaa9e6d60e58d440d8cd0f1
Status: Downloaded newer image for gitlab/gitlab-runner-helper:x86_64-8fa89735
docker.io/gitlab/gitlab-runner-helper:x86_64-8fa89735

Manage kubernetes clusters

See adding and removing kubernetes clusters for more information.

For now the Gitlab instance can manage only kubernetes clusters external to the one it is running into.

Maintenance mode

Refer Gitlab maintenance mode.

Allows administrators to reduce write operations to a minimum while maintenance tasks are performed.
The main goal is to block all external actions that change the internal state, specially the PostgreSQL database, files, repositories, and the container registry.

When enabled, new actions are forbidden to come in and internal state changes are minimal.
This allows maintenance tasks to execute easier as services can be stopped completely or further degraded for a shorter period of time than might otherwise be needed.

Most external actions that do not change the internal state are allowed. HTTP POST, PUT, PATCH, and DELETE requests are blocked.
See https://docs.gitlab.com/ee/administration/maintenance_mode/#rest-api for a detailed overview of how special cases are handled.

Through Web UI:

  • On the left sidebar, at the bottom, select Admin Area.
  • On the left sidebar, select Settings > General.
  • Expand Maintenance Mode and toggle Enable Maintenance Mode.
    Optionally add a message for the banner.
  • Select Save changes.

Through API calls:

# Enable maintenance mode.
curl -X 'PUT' -H 'PRIVATE-TOKEN: glpat-m-…' 'https://gitlab.fqdn/api/v4/application/settings?maintenance_mode=true'
curl -X 'PUT' -H 'PRIVATE-TOKEN: glpat-m-…' \
  'https://gitlab.fqdn/api/v4/application/settings?maintenance_mode_message=YaBlockedBro'

# Disable maintenance mode.
curl -X 'PUT' -H 'PRIVATE-TOKEN: glpat-m-…' 'https://gitlab.fqdn/api/v4/application/settings?maintenance_mode=false'

Through Rails console:

::Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update!(maintenance_mode: true)
::Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update!(maintenance_mode_message: "New message")

::Gitlab::CurrentSettings.update!(maintenance_mode: false)

Runners

See runners.

CI/CD pipelines

See pipelines.

Troubleshooting

Use access tokens to clone projects

git clone "https://oauth2:${ACCESS_TOKEN}@somegitlab.com/vendor/package.git"

Gitlab keeps answering with code 502

Refer The docker images for gitlab-ce and gitlab-ee start workhorse with incorrect socket ownership.

Error message example:

==> /var/log/gitlab/nginx/gitlab_error.log <==
2024/05/09 20:57:57 [crit] 617#0: *26 connect() to unix:/var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-workhorse/sockets/socket failed (13: Permission denied) while connecting to upstream, client: 172.21.0.1, server: gitlab.lan, request: "GET / HTTP/2.0", upstream: "http://unix:/var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-workhorse/sockets/socket:/", host: "gitlab.lan:8443"

Context: Gitlab 16.11.2 CE running from Docker image.

Root cause: the socket's permissions are mapped incorrectly.

Solution: set the correct ownership with docker exec 'gitlab' chown 'gitlab-www:git' '/var/opt/gitlab/gitlab-workhorse/sockets/socket'.

Further readings

Sources