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161 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
161 lines
4.2 KiB
Markdown
# Docker
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## TL;DR
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```sh
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# Show locally available images.
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docker images -a
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# Search for images.
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docker search 'boinc'
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# Pull images.
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docker pull 'alpine:3.14'
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docker pull 'boinc/client:latest'
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# Login to registries.
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docker login
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docker login -u 'username' -p 'password'
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# Create containers.
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docker create -h 'alpine-test' --name 'alpine-test' 'alpine'
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# Start containers.
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docker start 'alpine-test'
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docker start 'bdbe3f45'
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# Create and start containers.
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docker run 'hello-world'
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docker run -ti --rm 'alpine' cat '/etc/apk/repositories'
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docker run -d --name 'boinc' --network='host' --pid='host' -v 'boinc:/var/lib/boinc' \
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-e BOINC_GUI_RPC_PASSWORD='123' -e BOINC_CMD_LINE_OPTIONS='--allow_remote_gui_rpc' \
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'boinc/client'
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# Gracefully stop containers.
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docker stop 'alpine-test'
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docker stop 'bdbe3f45'
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# Kill containers.
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docker kill 'alpine-test'
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# Restart containers.
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docker restart 'alpine-test'
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docker restart 'bdbe3f45'
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# Show containers' status.
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docker ps
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docker ps --all
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# List containers with specific metadata values.
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docker ps -f 'name=pihole' -f 'status=running' -f 'health=healthy' -q
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# Execute commands inside *running* containers.
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docker exec 'app_web_1' tail 'logs/development.log'
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docker exec -ti 'alpine-test' 'sh'
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# Show containers' output.
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docker log 'alpine-test'
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# List processes running inside containers.
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docker top 'alpine-test'
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# Show information on containers.
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docker inspect 'alpine-test'
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# Build a docker image.
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docker build -t 'private/alpine:3.14' .
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# Tag images.
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docker tag 'alpine:3.14' 'private/alpine:3.14'
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# Push images.
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docker push 'private/alpine:3.14'
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# Export images to tarballs.
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docker save 'alpine:3.14' -o 'alpine.tar'
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docker save 'hello-world' > 'hw.tar'
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# Load images from tarballs.
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docker load -i 'hw.tar'
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# Delete containers.
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docker rm 'alpine-test'
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docker rm -f '87b27'
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# Cleanup.
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docker logout
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docker rmi 'alpine'
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docker image prune -a
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docker system prune -a
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```
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## Daemon configuration
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The docker daemon is configured using the `/etc/docker/daemon.json` file:
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```json
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{
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"default-runtime": "runc",
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"dns": ["8.8.8.8", "1.1.1.1"]
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}
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```
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## Containers configuration
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Docker mounts specific system files in all containers to forward its settings:
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```sh
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6a95fabde222$ mount
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…
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/dev/disk/by-uuid/1bb…eb5 on /etc/resolv.conf type btrfs (rw,…)
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/dev/disk/by-uuid/1bb…eb5 on /etc/hostname type btrfs (rw,…)
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/dev/disk/by-uuid/1bb…eb5 on /etc/hosts type btrfs (rw,…)
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…
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```
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Those files come from the volume the docker container is using for its root, and are modified on the container's startup with the information from the CLI, the daemon itself and, when missing, the host.
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## Gotchas
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- Containers created with no specified name will be assigned one automatically:
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```sh
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$ docker create 'hello-world'
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8eaaae8c0c720ac220abac763ad4b477d807be4522d58e334337b1b74a14d0bd
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$ docker create --name 'alpine' 'alpine'
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63b1a0a3e557094eba7f18424fd50d49b36cacbc21f1df60b918b375b857f809
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$ docker ps -a
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CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
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63b1a0a3e557 alpine "/bin/sh" 24 seconds ago Created alpine
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8eaaae8c0c72 hello-world "/hello" 21 seconds ago Created sleepy_brown
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```
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- When referring to a container or image using their ID, you just need to use as many characters you need to uniquely specify a single one of them:
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```sh
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$ docker ps -a
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CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
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63b1a0a3e557 alpine "/bin/sh" 34 seconds ago Created alpine
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8eaaae8c0c72 hello-world "/hello" 31 seconds ago Created sleepy_brown
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$ docker start 8
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8
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$ docker ps -a
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CONTAINER ID IMAGE COMMAND CREATED STATUS PORTS NAMES
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63b1a0a3e557 alpine "/bin/sh" 48 seconds ago Created alpine
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8eaaae8c0c72 hello-world "/hello" 45 seconds ago Exited (0) 10 seconds ago sleepy_brown
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```
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## Sources
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- [Arch Linux Wiki]
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- [Configuring DNS]
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- [Cheatsheet]
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[arch linux wiki]: https://wiki.archlinux.org/index.php/Docker
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[cheatsheet]: https://collabnix.com/docker-cheatsheet/
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[configuring dns]: https://dockerlabs.collabnix.com/intermediate/networking/Configuring_DNS.html
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