mirror of
https://gitea.com/mcereda/oam.git
synced 2026-02-09 05:44:23 +00:00
268 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
268 lines
9.7 KiB
Markdown
# The Zypper package manager
|
|
|
|
SUSE and openSUSE GNU/Linux's package management utility and command-line interface to the ZYpp system management
|
|
library (`libzypp`).
|
|
|
|
1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
|
|
1. [Concepts](#concepts)
|
|
1. [Repositories](#repositories)
|
|
1. [Configuration](#configuration)
|
|
1. [Gotchas](#gotchas)
|
|
1. [Further readings](#further-readings)
|
|
1. [Sources](#sources)
|
|
|
|
## TL;DR
|
|
|
|
Default files:
|
|
|
|
| Path | Description |
|
|
| -------------------------- | ----------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| `${HOME}/.zypper.conf` | User configuration file for Zypper |
|
|
| `/etc/zypp/zypper.conf` | Global configuration file for Zypper |
|
|
| `/etc/zypp/zypp.conf` | Configuration file for `libzypp` |
|
|
| `/etc/zypp/locks` | Package lock definitions |
|
|
| `/etc/zypp/repos.d` | Directory containing repository definition files (`*.repo`) |
|
|
| `/etc/zypp/services.d` | Directory containing service definition files (`*.service`) |
|
|
| `/usr/lib/zypp/commands` | Directory for zypper extensions |
|
|
| `/var/cache/zypp/raw` | Cache directory for downloaded, raw package metadata |
|
|
| `/var/cache/zypp/solv` | Cache directory for pre-parsed package metadata (`*.solv`) |
|
|
| `/var/cache/zypp/RPMS` | Cache directory for downloaded packages |
|
|
| `/var/cache/zypp/packages` | Cache directory for installed packages |
|
|
| `/var/log/zypper.log` | Zypper's log file |
|
|
| `/var/log/zypp/history` | Installation history log file |
|
|
|
|
Command examples:
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
zypper help
|
|
zypper help 'command'
|
|
|
|
# ---
|
|
|
|
# Update caches.
|
|
zypper refresh
|
|
zypper ref 'updates'
|
|
|
|
# Clean caches.
|
|
zypper clean --metadata
|
|
zypper clean --all 'packman'
|
|
|
|
# ---
|
|
|
|
# Search for resolvables.
|
|
zypper search 'nmap'
|
|
zypper se -r 'repository' 'mariadb'
|
|
|
|
# Show all available versions of resolvables.
|
|
zypper se -s 'kernel-default'
|
|
zypper se --details 'boinc-client'
|
|
|
|
# Look up what package provides a file.
|
|
# 'what-provides' has been replaced by 'search -x --provides'
|
|
zypper se --provides '/usr/sbin/useradd'
|
|
|
|
# Display detailed information about resolvables.
|
|
zypper info 'workrave'
|
|
zypper if -t 'patch' 'libzypp'
|
|
zypper if -t 'pattern' 'lamp_server'
|
|
|
|
# Install resolvables.
|
|
zypper install 'parallel'
|
|
zypper in --no-confirm 'https://prerelease.keybase.io/keybase_amd64.rpm'
|
|
zypper in --no-recommends 'yast*ftp*' 'virtualbox-ose=2.0.6' '/root/ansible.rpm'
|
|
|
|
# Install from specific repositories.
|
|
# Requires the repo to be already added.
|
|
zypper in 'packman:libavdevice60'
|
|
zypper in -r 'packman' --download 'in-advance' 'libavdevice60'
|
|
zypper in -r 'https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/vivaldi-suse.repo' 'vivaldi'
|
|
|
|
# Reinstall resolvables.
|
|
zypper in -f 'amdgpu-dkms'
|
|
|
|
# Install resolvables from source.
|
|
# The source packages *must* be available in the repositories one is using.
|
|
zypper source-install -d 'dbus-1'
|
|
zypper si 'dolphin-plugins'
|
|
|
|
# Check the dependencies of *installed* resolvables are satisfied.
|
|
zypper verify 'git-lfs'
|
|
zypper ve 'virtualbox'
|
|
|
|
# Uninstall resolvables.
|
|
zypper remove --clean-deps 'code'
|
|
zypper rm -u 'zfs'
|
|
zypper in '!Firefox' '-htop'
|
|
|
|
# List available updates.
|
|
# By default, it shows only *installable* ones.
|
|
zypper list-updates
|
|
zypper lu --all
|
|
|
|
# Update installed resolvables.
|
|
zypper update
|
|
zypper up --download 'in-heaps' 'vivaldi-stable'
|
|
|
|
# List available patches.
|
|
# By default, it shows only *applicable* ones.
|
|
zypper list-patches
|
|
zypper lp --all
|
|
|
|
# Check whether there are applicable patches.
|
|
zypper patch-check
|
|
zypper pchk --with-optional
|
|
|
|
# Apply patches.
|
|
zypper patch
|
|
|
|
# Perform distribution upgrades.
|
|
zypper dist-upgrade
|
|
zypper dup --details --from 'factory' --from 'packman' --download 'as-needed' --remove-orphaned
|
|
|
|
# List unneded packages.
|
|
# E.g. older dependencies not used anymore.
|
|
zypper packages --unneeded
|
|
zypper pa --unneeded
|
|
|
|
# ---
|
|
|
|
# List repositories.
|
|
zypper repos
|
|
zypper lr -d --sort-by-priority
|
|
|
|
# Add repositories.
|
|
zypper addrepo --check --refresh --priority '90' 'https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/vivaldi-suse.repo' 'vivaldi'
|
|
zypper ar -cfp '89' …
|
|
|
|
# Remove repositories.
|
|
zypper removerepo 'mozilla'
|
|
zypper rr '3'
|
|
|
|
# Rename repositories.
|
|
zypper renamerepo 'firefox' 'mozilla'
|
|
zypper nr '5' 'packman'
|
|
|
|
# Modify repositories.
|
|
# Disable with '-d'.
|
|
zypper modifyrepo -ef 'updates'
|
|
zypper mr -gp '98' '1' 'mozilla'
|
|
zypper mr -d 'packman' '4' 'https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/vivaldi-suse.repo'
|
|
zypper mr -da
|
|
|
|
# ---
|
|
|
|
# Execute without user confirmation (non-interactively).
|
|
zypper --non-interactive …
|
|
zypper --non-interactive --auto-agree-with-licenses …
|
|
|
|
# Mark transactions in log files.
|
|
zypper --userdata 'comment-here' …
|
|
|
|
# Clean up installed kernel packages.
|
|
zypper purge-kernels --dry-run
|
|
|
|
# Clean up unneded packages.
|
|
# Always check what is being done.
|
|
zypper packages --unneeded \
|
|
| awk -F'|' 'NR>4{gsub(" ", "", $0);print $3"="$4}' | sort -u \
|
|
| sudo xargs zypper rm -u
|
|
|
|
# Upgrade distribution's releases.
|
|
# Suggested to do this after:
|
|
# - all users logged off;
|
|
# - disabling the GUI (`systemctl stop 'display-manager.service'`).
|
|
zypper refresh \
|
|
&& zypper update \
|
|
&& sed -i 's|/15.5/|/${releasever}/|g' '/etc/zypp/repos.d/'*'.repo' \
|
|
&& zypper --releasever '15.6' refresh \
|
|
&& zypper --releasever '15.6' dist-upgrade \
|
|
&& reboot
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Concepts
|
|
|
|
The set of packages installed on a system is denoted as the _@System_ repository or _System Packages_.<br/>
|
|
In contrast to normal repositories, @System provides packages that can only be deleted.
|
|
|
|
Installed packages which do not belong to any available repository are denoted as _unwanted_, _orphaned_ or _dropped_.
|
|
|
|
One can specify the location of packages or repositories using any type of URI supported by `libzypp` (e.g. local paths,
|
|
ftp/https/other URI).<br/>
|
|
In addition, Zypper accepts openSUSE Build Service repositories in the `addrepo` command in the form of
|
|
`obs://project/platform` URI.
|
|
|
|
Resource objects are called _resolvables_.<br/>
|
|
They might be **packages**, **patches**, **patterns**, **products**, or basically any kind of object with dependencies
|
|
to other objects managed by `libzypp`.
|
|
|
|
If one does not request specific versions of resolvables during an action, Zypper's dependency solver will pick a
|
|
_reasonable_ one automatically.
|
|
|
|
## Repositories
|
|
|
|
The **lower** the number given to their `priority` setting, the **higher** the precedence of that repository.<br/>
|
|
This means that a repository with priority 90 will have precedence on repositories with the default priority of 99.
|
|
|
|
[Default (distribution) repositories][package repositories], [additional repositories][additional package repositories].
|
|
|
|
Repositories of interest:
|
|
|
|
| Name | URL | Description |
|
|
| ------------- | ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ | --------------------------------------------------------------------- |
|
|
| Packman (all) | <https://ftp.fau.de/packman/suse/opeSUSE_Tumbleweed/><br/><https://ftp.fau.de/packman/suse/openSUSE_Leap_15.5/> | The largest external repository of openSUSE packages |
|
|
| Mozilla | <https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/mozilla/openSUSE_Tumbleweed/><br/><https://download.opensuse.org/repositories/mozilla/openSUSE_Leap_15.5/> | Bleeding edge versions of Firefox, Thunderbird and all things Mozilla |
|
|
| Vivaldi | <https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/vivaldi-suse.repo> | A browser adapting to you, not the other way around. |
|
|
|
|
## Configuration
|
|
|
|
Default global configuration file: `/etc/zypp/zypp.conf`.<br/>
|
|
An alternate config file can be set using the `ZYPP_CONF=<PATH>` environment variable.
|
|
|
|
See [zypp configuration options] for details.
|
|
|
|
## Gotchas
|
|
|
|
Global options **must** be specified **before** the command name.<br/>
|
|
Command-specific options **must** be specified **after** the command name.
|
|
|
|
Zypper does not have for now a way to list **the content** of an **installed** package. Use [rpm] for this:
|
|
|
|
```sh
|
|
sudo rpm --query --list 'parallel'
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
## Further readings
|
|
|
|
- [rpm]
|
|
- [How can I list all files which have been installed by an ZYpp/Zypper package?]
|
|
- [Managing software with command line tools]
|
|
- [Zypp configuration options]
|
|
|
|
### Sources
|
|
|
|
- [Package repositories]
|
|
- [Additional package repositories]
|
|
- [Command to clean out all unneeded autoinstalled dependencies]
|
|
- [System upgrade]
|
|
- [Zypper cheat sheet]
|
|
|
|
<!--
|
|
Reference
|
|
═╬═Time══
|
|
-->
|
|
|
|
<!-- Knowledge base -->
|
|
[rpm]: rpm.md
|
|
|
|
<!-- Upstream -->
|
|
[additional package repositories]: https://en.opensuse.org/Additional_package_repositories
|
|
[command to clean out all unneeded autoinstalled dependencies]: https://github.com/openSUSE/zypper/issues/116
|
|
[managing software with command line tools]: https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP5/html/SLES-all/cha-sw-cl.html
|
|
[package repositories]: https://en.opensuse.org/Package_repositories
|
|
[system upgrade]: https://en.opensuse.org/SDB:System_upgrade
|
|
[zypp configuration options]: https://doc.opensuse.org/projects/libzypp/HEAD/group__ZyppConfig.html
|
|
[zypper cheat sheet]: https://en.opensuse.org/images/1/17/Zypper-cheat-sheet-1.pdf
|
|
|
|
<!-- Others -->
|
|
[how can i list all files which have been installed by an zypp/zypper package?]: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/162092/how-can-i-list-all-files-which-have-been-installed-by-an-zypp-zypper-package#239944
|