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oam/knowledge base/zypper.md
Michele Cereda 2f210610b2 chore: vastly improved zypper's article
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The Zypper package manager

SUSE and openSUSE GNU/Linux's package management utility and command-line interface to the ZYpp system management library (libzypp).

Table of contents

  1. TL;DR
  2. Concepts
  3. Gotchas
  4. Further readings

TL;DR

Default files:

Path Description
${HOME}/.zypper.conf User configuration file for Zypper
/etc/zypp/zypper.conf Global configuration file for Zypper
/etc/zypp/zypp.conf Configuration file for libzypp
/etc/zypp/locks Package lock definitions
/etc/zypp/repos.d Directory containing repository definition files (*.repo)
/etc/zypp/services.d Directory containing service definition files (*.service)
/usr/lib/zypp/commands Directory for zypper extensions
/var/cache/zypp/raw Cache directory for downloaded, raw package metadata
/var/cache/zypp/solv Cache directory for pre-parsed package metadata (*.solv)
/var/cache/zypp/RPMS Cache directory for downloaded packages
/var/cache/zypp/packages Cache directory for installed packages
/var/log/zypper.log Zypper's log file
/var/log/zypp/history Installation history log file

Command examples:

# Update the package cache.
zypper refresh
zypper ref 'updates'

# Search for resolvables.
zypper search 'nmap'
zypper se 'mariadb'

# Display detailed information about resolvables.
zypper info 'workrave'
zypper if -t 'patch' 'libzypp'
zypper if -t 'pattern' 'lamp_server'

# Install resolvables.
zypper install 'parallel'
zypper in --no-confirm 'https://prerelease.keybase.io/keybase_amd64.rpm'
zypper in --no-recommends 'gv' 'virtualbox-ose=2.0.6' '/root/ansible.rpm'

# Install resolvables from source.
# The source packages *must* be available in the repositories one is using.
zypper source-install -d 'dbus-1'
zypper si 'dolphin-plugins'

# Check the dependencies of *installed* packages are satisfied.
zypper verify 'git-lfs'
zypper ve 'virtualbox'

# Uninstall resolvables.
zypper remove 'code'
zypper rm 'zfs'
zypper in '!Firefox' '-htop'

# List available updates.
# By default, it shows only *installable* ones.
zypper list-updates
zypper lu --all

# Update installed packages.
zypper update
zypper up 'vivaldi-stable'

# List available patches.
# By default, it shows only *applicable* ones.
zypper list-patches
zypper lp --all

# Check whether there are applicable patches.
zypper patch-check
zypper pchk --with-optional

# Apply patches.
zypper patch

# Perform a distribution upgrade.
zypper dist-upgrade
zypper dup --details --from 'factory' --from 'packman'


# List currently defined repositories.
zypper repos
zypper rl -d

# Add repositories.
zypper addrepo --check --refresh --priority '90' \
  'https://ftp.gwdg.de/pub/linux/misc/packman/suse/openSUSE_Tumbleweed/' \
  'packman'
zypper ar …

# Remove repositories.
zypper removerepo 'mozilla'
zypper rr '3'

# Rename repositories.
zypper renamerepo 'firefox' 'mozilla'
zypper nr '5' 'packman'

# Modify repositories.
zypper modifyrepo -er 'updates'
zypper mr -da


# Clean caches.
zypper clean --metadata
zypper clean --all 'packman'

# Execute without user confirmation (non-interactively).
zypper --non-interactive …

# Clean up installed kernel packages.
zypper purge-kernels --dry-run

Concepts

The set of packages installed on a system is denoted as the @System repository or System Packages.
In contrast to normal repositories, @System provides packages that can only be deleted.

Installed packages which do not belong to any available repository are denoted as unwanted, orphaned or dropped.

One can specify the location of packages or repositories using any type of URI supported by libzypp (e.g. local paths, ftp/https/other URI).
In addition, Zypper accepts openSUSE Build Service repositories in the addrepo command in the form of obs://project/platform URI.

Resource objects are called resolvables.
They might be packages, patches, patterns, products, or basically any kind of object with dependencies to other objects managed by libzypp.

If one does not request specific versions of resolvables during an action, Zypper's dependency solver will pick a reasonable one automatically.

Gotchas

Global options must be specified before the command name.
Command-specific options must be specified after the command name.

Zypper does not have for now a way to list the content of an installed package. Use rpm for this:

sudo rpm --query --list 'parallel'

Further readings