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Sysctl

Default configuration files locations:

  1. /run/sysctl.d/*.conf
  2. /etc/sysctl.d/*.conf
  3. /usr/local/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
  4. /usr/lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
  5. /lib/sysctl.d/*.conf
  6. /etc/sysctl.conf

TL;DR

# see the value of a single setting
sysctl kernel.ostype

# see the values of all settings
sysctl -a

# change the current value of a setting
sudo sysctl vm.swappiness=10
sudo sysctl -w net.ipv4.ip_forward=1

# reload settings from a single configuration file
sudo sysctl -p
sudo sysctl -p /etc/sysctl.d/99-swappiness.conf

# reload settings from the default configuration files locations
sudo sysctl --system

# persistent configuration
echo 'vm.swappiness=10'  | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.conf
echo 'vm.swappiness = 5' | sudo tee -a /etc/sysctl.d/99-swappiness.conf

Further readings