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Tar

TL;DR

# create an archive
tar czvf directory.tar.gz directory
tar capvf archive.tar.bz2 directory1 directory2 file

# list the content of an archive
tar tf archive.tar
tar tf archive.tar member

# extract an archive
tar xpf archive.tar
tar xapf archive.tar.gz
tar xjpf archive.tar.bz2 file

Interesting switches

short long description
-a --auto-compress use archive suffix to determine the compression program
-c --create create a new archive; directories are archived recursively, unless the --no-recursion option is given
-C --directory DIR change to DIR before performing any operations; this option affects all options that follow
-f --file FILE use archive file or device FILE; if not given, tar will first examine the environment variable TAPE and default to the compiled-in default
-r --append append files to the end of an archive
-t --list list the contents of an archive; arguments are optional, but when given they specify the names of the members to list

Further readings