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111 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
111 lines
3.2 KiB
Markdown
# cURL
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## TL;DR
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```sh
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# Send a single GET request and show its output on stdout.
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curl 'http://url.of/file'
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# Be quiet.
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curl --silent 'https://www.example.com'
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curl -s --show-error 'https://www.example.com'
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# Download files.
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curl 'http://url.of/file' -o 'path/to/file'
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curl -O 'http://url.of/file1' -O 'http://url.of/file2'
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curl http://url.of/file[1-24]
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# Resume downloads.
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curl -C - -o 'partial_file' 'http://url.of/file'
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# Limit downloads bandwidth.
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curl --limit-rate '1000B' -O 'http://url.of/file'
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# Follow redirects.
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curl -L 'http://url.of/file'
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# Only fetch HTTP headers from a response.
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curl -I 'http://example.com'
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# Only return the HTTP status code.
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curl -o '/dev/null' -w '%{http_code}\n' -s -I 'http://example.com'
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# Send different request types.
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curl --request 'PUT' 'http://example.com'
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# Specify headers.
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curl 'http://example.com' -H 'Content-Type:application/json'
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# Fail fast with no output.
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# Returns the HTTP error code.
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curl -f 'http://example.com'
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# Skip certificate validation.
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curl --insecure 'https://example.com'
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# Pass certificates for a resource.
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curl --cert 'client.pem' --key 'key.pem' -k 'https://example.com'
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curl --cacert 'ca.pem' 'https://example.com'
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# Authenticate.
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curl -u 'username':'password' 'http://url.of/file'
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curl -u 'username':'password' -O 'ftp://url.of/file'
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curl 'ftp://username:password@example.com'
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# POST to a form.
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curl -F 'name=user' -F 'password=test' 'http://example.com'
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curl --data 'name=bob' 'http://example.com/form'
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# Send data.
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curl 'http://example.com' -H "Content-Type:application/json" -d '{"name":"bob"}' -X 'POST'
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curl … -d @file.json
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# Use a proxy.
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curl 'http://example.com' --proxy 'socks5://localhost:19999'
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# Forcefully resolve a host to a given address.
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curl 'https://example.com' --resolve 'example.com:443:google.com'
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```
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## Apply settings to all connections
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Unless the `-q` option is used, `curl` always checks for a default config file on invocation and uses it if found.
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The default configuration file is looked for in the following places, in this order:
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1. `$CURL_HOME/.curlrc`
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1. `$XDG_CONFIG_HOME/.curlrc`, added in 7.73.0
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1. `$HOME/.curlrc`
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1. on Windows only: `%USERPROFILE%\.curlrc`
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1. on Windows only: `%APPDATA%\.curlrc`
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1. on Windows only: `%USERPROFILE%\Application Data\.curlrc`
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On Non-Windows hosts, `curl` uses `getpwuid` to find the user's home directory.
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On Windows, if curl finds no `.curlrc` file in the sequence described above, it will check for one in the same dir the curl executable is placed.
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```txt
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# ~/.curlrc
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# Accepts both short and long options.
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# Options in long format are accepted without the leading two dashes to make it
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# easier to read.
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# Arguments must be provided on the same line of the option.
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# Arguments can be separated by space, '=' and ':'
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location
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--insecure
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--user-agent "my-agent"
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request = "PUT"
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config: "~/.config/curl"
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```
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## Sources
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- [cheat.sh]
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- [How to ignore invalid and self signed ssl connection errors with curl]
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- [Config file]
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[cheat.sh]: https://cheat.sh/curl
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[config file]: https://everything.curl.dev/cmdline/configfile
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[how to ignore invalid and self signed ssl connection errors with curl]: https://www.cyberciti.biz/faq/how-to-curl-ignore-ssl-certificate-warnings-command-option/
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