mirror of
https://gitea.com/mcereda/oam.git
synced 2026-02-09 05:44:23 +00:00
Added mac os x notes to the knowledge base
This commit is contained in:
Michele Cereda
255
knowledge base/mac os x.md
Normal file
255
knowledge base/mac os x.md
Normal file
@@ -0,0 +1,255 @@
|
||||
# Mac OS X <!-- omit in toc -->
|
||||
|
||||
- [TL;DR](#tldr)
|
||||
- [Xcode CLI tools](#xcode-cli-tools)
|
||||
- [Headless installation](#headless-installation)
|
||||
- [Upgrade](#upgrade)
|
||||
- [Hidden settings](#hidden-settings)
|
||||
- [Resize an image from CLI](#resize-an-image-from-cli)
|
||||
- [Boot keys cheatsheet](#boot-keys-cheatsheet)
|
||||
- [Update from CLI](#update-from-cli)
|
||||
- [Keychain access from CLI](#keychain-access-from-cli)
|
||||
- [Further readings](#further-readings)
|
||||
|
||||
## TL;DR
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# install a .pkg file from cli
|
||||
# target needs to be a device, not a path
|
||||
installer -pkg /path/to/non-root-package.pkg -target CurrentUserHomeDirectory
|
||||
sudo installer -pkg /path/to/root-needed-package.pkg -target /
|
||||
|
||||
# install xcode cli tools
|
||||
xcode-select --install
|
||||
|
||||
# list all available updates
|
||||
softwareupdate --list --all
|
||||
|
||||
# install all recommended updates agreeing to software license agreement without interaction and automatically restart if required
|
||||
softwareupdate --install --recommended --restart --agree-to-license
|
||||
|
||||
# download (but not install) recommended updates
|
||||
softwareupdate --download --recommended
|
||||
|
||||
# add a password to the default keychain
|
||||
# the password needs to be left last
|
||||
security add-generic-password -a johnny -s github -w 'b.good'
|
||||
|
||||
# add a password to the default keychain giving it some optional data
|
||||
security add-generic-password -a johnny -s github -l work -j 'my key for work' -w 'b.good'
|
||||
|
||||
# update a passwork value
|
||||
security add-generic-password -a johnny -s github -l work -U -w 'new-pass'
|
||||
|
||||
# print a password to stdout
|
||||
security find-generic-password -w -a johnny -s github
|
||||
security find-generic-password -w -l work
|
||||
security find-generic-password -w -l work -s github
|
||||
|
||||
# delete a password from the default keychain
|
||||
security delete-generic-password -a johnny -s github
|
||||
|
||||
# get the host's bonjour name
|
||||
scutil --get LocalHostName
|
||||
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print :System:Network:HostNames:LocalHostName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
|
||||
|
||||
# get the host's netbios name
|
||||
defaults read /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.smb.server NetBIOSName
|
||||
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print :NetBIOSName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/com.apple.smb.server.plist
|
||||
|
||||
# get the host's computer name
|
||||
scutil --get ComputerName
|
||||
/usr/libexec/PlistBuddy -c "Print :System:System:ComputerName" /Library/Preferences/SystemConfiguration/preferences.plist
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Xcode CLI tools
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
xcode-select --install
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Headless installation
|
||||
|
||||
In CLI:
|
||||
|
||||
1. prompt the `softwareupdate` utility to list the Command Line Tools
|
||||
|
||||
```sh
|
||||
touch /tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
1. get their label
|
||||
|
||||
```sh
|
||||
export cli_tools_label="$(/usr/sbin/softwareupdate -l \
|
||||
| grep -B 1 -E 'Command Line Tools' \
|
||||
| awk -F'*' '/^ *\\*/ {print $2}' \
|
||||
| sed -e 's/^ *Label: //' -e 's/^ *//' \
|
||||
| sort -V \
|
||||
| tail -n1)"
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
1. install them
|
||||
|
||||
```sh
|
||||
/usr/sbin/softwareupdate -i ${cli_tools_label.stdout}
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
As Ansible task:
|
||||
|
||||
```yaml
|
||||
- name: Check Command Line Tools are avilable
|
||||
command: xcode-select --print-path
|
||||
ignore_errors: true
|
||||
register: cli_tools_check
|
||||
- name: Trying headless installing command line tools
|
||||
when: cli_tools_check is failed
|
||||
block:
|
||||
- name: Prompt the 'softwareupdate' utility to list the Command Line Tools
|
||||
file:
|
||||
path: /tmp/.com.apple.dt.CommandLineTools.installondemand.in-progress
|
||||
state: touch
|
||||
- name: Get CLI tools label
|
||||
shell: >-
|
||||
/usr/sbin/softwareupdate -l
|
||||
| grep -B 1 -E 'Command Line Tools'
|
||||
| awk -F'*' '/^ *\\*/ {print $2}'
|
||||
| sed -e 's/^ *Label: //' -e 's/^ *//'
|
||||
| sort -V
|
||||
| tail -n1
|
||||
register: cli_tools_label
|
||||
- name: Install CLI tools
|
||||
command: /usr/sbin/softwareupdate -i '{{cli_tools_label.stdout}}'
|
||||
register: headless_cli_tools_installation
|
||||
- name: Fail with error
|
||||
when: headless_cli_tools_installation is failed
|
||||
fail:
|
||||
msg: Command Line Tools are not installed. Please execute 'xcode-select --install' in a terminal and accept the license first
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
### Upgrade
|
||||
|
||||
See [How to update Xcode from command line] for details.
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# remove and reinstall
|
||||
sudo rm -rf /Library/Developer/CommandLineTools
|
||||
xcode-select --install
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Hidden settings
|
||||
|
||||
> **Note:** once set something, you'll probably need to restart the dock with `killall Dock`
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# show hidden apps indicators in the dock
|
||||
defaults write com.apple.dock showhidden -bool TRUE
|
||||
|
||||
# reset changes to the dock
|
||||
defaults delete com.apple.dock
|
||||
|
||||
# change the number of columns and rows in the springboard
|
||||
defaults write com.apple.dock springboard-columns -int 9
|
||||
defaults write com.apple.dock springboard-rows -int 7
|
||||
|
||||
# reset changes to the launchpad
|
||||
defaults delete com.apple.dock springboard-rows
|
||||
defaults delete com.apple.dock springboard-columns
|
||||
defaults write com.apple.dock ResetLaunchPad -bool TRUE
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Resize an image from CLI
|
||||
|
||||
Note:
|
||||
|
||||
* edits the input image
|
||||
* `-Z` retains ratio
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
sips -Z 1000 Downloads/IMG_20190527_013903.jpg
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Boot keys cheatsheet
|
||||
|
||||
> only available for Intel based Macs
|
||||
|
||||
To use any of these key combinations, press and hold the keys immediately after pressing the power button to turn on your Mac, or after your Mac begins to restart. Keep holding until the described behavior occurs.
|
||||
|
||||
Combination | Behaviour
|
||||
---|---
|
||||
`⌥ Option` or `Alt` | Start to _Startup Manager_, which allows you to choose other available startup disks or volumes. If your Mac is using a firmware password, you're prompted to enter the password
|
||||
`⌥ Option` + `⌘ Command` + `P` + `R` | Reset the NVRAM or PRAM. If your Mac is using a firmware password, it ignores this key combination or starts up from _Recovery_
|
||||
`⇧ Shift` | Start in _safe_ mode. Disabled when using a firmware password
|
||||
`⌘ Command` + `R` | Start from the built-in _Recovery_ system
|
||||
`⌥ Option` + `⌘ Command` + `R` or `⇧ Shift` + `⌥ Option` + `⌘ Command` + `R` | Start from _Recovery_ over the Internet. It installs different versions of macOS, depending on the key combination you use while starting up. If your Mac is using a firmware password, you're prompted to enter the password
|
||||
`⏏ Eject` or `F12` or `mouse button` or `trackpad button` | Eject a removable media, such as an optical disc. Disabled when using a firmware password
|
||||
`T` | Start in _target disk_ mode. Disabled when using a firmware password
|
||||
`⌘ Command` + `V` | Start in verbose mode. Disabled when using a firmware password
|
||||
`D` | Start to _Apple Diagnostics_
|
||||
`⌥ Option` + `D` | Start to _Apple Diagnostics_ over the Internet. Disabled when using a firmware password
|
||||
`N` | Start from a NetBoot server, if your Mac supports network startup volumes. Disabled when using a firmware password
|
||||
`⌥ Option` + `N` | Start from a NetBoot server and use the default boot image on it. Disabled when using a firmware password
|
||||
`⌘ Command` + `S` | Start in _single-user_ mode. Disabled in macOS Mojave or later, or when using a firmware password
|
||||
|
||||
## Update from CLI
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# list all available updates
|
||||
softwareupdate --list --all
|
||||
|
||||
# install all recommended updates agreeing to software license agreement without interaction and automatically restart if required
|
||||
softwareupdate --install --recommended --restart --agree-to-license
|
||||
|
||||
# download (but not install) recommended updates
|
||||
softwareupdate --download --recommended
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Keychain access from CLI
|
||||
|
||||
Save a password with the following settings:
|
||||
|
||||
- user (a.k.a. _account_): `johnny`
|
||||
- password: `b.good`
|
||||
- service name: `github`
|
||||
- \[optional] entry name (a.k.a. _label_): `work`; if not given, the service name will be used
|
||||
- \[optional] comment: `my key for work`; if not given, it will be left blank
|
||||
|
||||
> the password's value needs to be given **last**
|
||||
|
||||
```shell
|
||||
# add the password to the default keychain
|
||||
security add-generic-password -a johnny -s github -w 'b.good'
|
||||
# also give it some optional data
|
||||
security add-generic-password -a johnny -s github -l work -j 'my key for work' -w 'b.good'
|
||||
# update the passwork value
|
||||
security add-generic-password -a johnny -s github -l work -U -w 'new-pass'
|
||||
|
||||
# print the above password to stdout
|
||||
security find-generic-password -w -a johnny -s github
|
||||
security find-generic-password -w -l work
|
||||
security find-generic-password -w -l work -s github
|
||||
|
||||
# delete it
|
||||
security delete-generic-password -a johnny -s github
|
||||
```
|
||||
|
||||
## Further readings
|
||||
|
||||
- [Boot a Mac from USB Drive] on [WikiHow]
|
||||
- [Mac startup key combinations] on [Apple's support site]
|
||||
- [Xcode Command Line Tools Installation FAQ]
|
||||
- [How to update Xcode from command line]
|
||||
- [Command line access to the Mac keychain]
|
||||
- [Installing .pkg with terminal?]
|
||||
- [Using Terminal to Find Your Mac's Network Name]
|
||||
|
||||
[boot a mac from usb drive]: https://www.wikihow.com/Boot-a-Mac-from-USB-Drive
|
||||
[command line access to the mac keychain]: https://blog.koehntopp.info/2017/01/26/command-line-access-to-the-mac-keychain.html
|
||||
[how to update xcode from command line]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/34617452/how-to-update-xcode-from-command-line#34617930
|
||||
[installing .pkg with terminal?]: https://apple.stackexchange.com/questions/72226/installing-pkg-with-terminal#394976
|
||||
[mac startup key combinations]: https://support.apple.com/en-us/HT201255
|
||||
[using terminal to find your mac's network name]: https://www.tech-otaku.com/networking/using-terminal-find-your-macs-network-name/
|
||||
[xcode command line tools installation faq]: https://www.godo.dev/tutorials/xcode-command-line-tools-installation-faq
|
||||
|
||||
[apple's support site]: https://support.apple.com
|
||||
[wikihow]: https://www.wikihow.com
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user