# Vagrant


## TL;DR

```shell
# start a vm from a box
vagrant up
vagrant up --provider libvirt

# connect to a started vm
vagrant ssh

# print the ssh config snippet to connect to the vm
vagrant ssh-config

# (re)provision a vm
vagrant provision
vagrant up --provision

# add a box
vagrant add archlinux/archlinux
vagrant add debian/testing64 --provider virtualbox

# list downloaded boxes
vagrant box list

# list outdated boxes
vagrant box outdated

# update a box
vagrant box update
vagrant box update --box generic/gentoo

# remove a box
vagrant box remove archlinux/archlinux

# destroy a machine
vagrant destroy
vagrant destroy --force

# install autocomplete
vagrant autocomplete install --bash
vagrant autocomplete install --zsh

# install a plugin
vagrant plugin install vagrant-disksize
```

## Usage

> All commands need to be run from the vm's folder.

1. Install Vagrant.
1. Optionally, create a folder to keep all files in order and move into it:

   ```shell
   mkdir test-vm
   cd $_
   ```

1. Create a configuration:

   ```shell
   vagrant init archlinux/archlinux
   ```

1. Start the vm:

   ```shell
   vagrant up

   # re-provision the vm after startup
   vagrant up --provision
   ```

1. Connect to the vm:

   ```shell
   vagrant ssh
   ```

### Boxes management

```shell
vagrant box add archlinux/archlinux
vagrant box add archlinux/archlinux --provider virtualbox

vagrant box list

vagrant box update
vagrant box update --box generic/gentoo
```

## Install shell's autocomplete

```shell
$ vagrant autocomplete install --bash
Autocomplete installed at paths:
- /home/user/.bashrc

$ vagrant autocomplete install --zsh
Autocomplete installed at paths:
- /home/user/.zshrc
```

## Customize a box

```ruby
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.box = "archlinux/archlinux"

  config.vm.provider "virtualbox" do |vb|
    # Vagrant can call any VBoxManage command prior to booting the machine.
    # Multiple customize directives will be executed in order.
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--vram", "64"]
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--graphicscontroller", "vmsvga"]
    vb.customize ["modifyvm", :id, "--cpuexecutioncap", "50"]

    # Some settings have convenience shortcuts.
    vb.name = "xfce4 latest"
    vb.cpus = 2
    vb.memory = "2048"
    vb.default_nic_type = "82543GC"
    vb.gui = true

    # Skip the guest additions check.
    vb.check_guest_additions = false
  end
```

## Use environment variables in the provisioning script

Add the variables as argument of the `config.vm.provision` key:

```ruby
Vagrant.configure("2") do |config|
  config.vm.provision :shell do |shell|
    shell.env = {
      "STATIC" => "set-in-config",
      "FORWARDED" => ENV['HOST_VAR'],
      }
    shell.inline = <<-SHELL
      printenv STATIC FORWARDED
      sudo -u vagrant --preserve-env=STATIC,FORWARDED printenv STATIC FORWARDED
    SHELL
  end
end
```

## Specify the disk size

Install the vagrant-disksize plugin:

```shell
vagrant plugin install vagrant-disksize
```

then set it up:

```ruby
vagrant.configure('2') do |config|
    config.disksize.size = '50GB'
end
```

## Reboot after provisioning

Add one of the following to the box's Vagrantfile:

```ruby
config.vm.provision "shell", reboot: true

config.vm.provision :shell do |shell|
  shell.privileged = true
  shell.reboot = true
end
```

## Further readings

- [getting started]
- [how to set vagrant virtualbox video memory]
- [Pass environment variables to vagrant shell provisioner]
- [Tips & Tricks]
- [Multi-Machine]
- [how to specify the disk size]
- [How do I reboot a Vagrant guest from a provisioner?]

[getting started]: https://learn.hashicorp.com/tutorials/vagrant/getting-started-index
[how do i reboot a vagrant guest from a provisioner?]: https://superuser.com/questions/1338429/how-do-i-reboot-a-vagrant-guest-from-a-provisioner#1579326
[how to set vagrant virtualbox video memory]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/24231620/how-to-set-vagrant-virtualbox-video-memory#24253435
[how to specify the disk size]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49822594/vagrant-how-to-specify-the-disk-size#60185312
[multi-machine]: https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/multi-machine
[pass environment variables to vagrant shell provisioner]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/19648088/pass-environment-variables-to-vagrant-shell-provisioner#37563822
[tips & tricks]: https://www.vagrantup.com/docs/vagrantfile/tips