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+# Git-related useful commands
+
+## TL;DR
+
+```shell
+# create a new empty repository or reinitialize an existing one
+git init
+git init --bare path/to/repo.git
+git init --initial-branch main
+
+# get the current status of changes
+git status
+git status --verbose
+
+# check differences
+git diff
+git diff --staged
+
+# add the current changes
+git add .
+git add path/to/file
+
+# interactive review of chunks of changes
+git add --patch
+
+# clone with submodules in a specific folder
+git clone --recurse-submodules git@github.com:user/repo.git repos/repo
+
+# checkout a remote branch
+git checkout -b local_branch origin/remote_branch
+
+# go back to the previous branch
+git checkout -
+
+# create a commit with no changes nor message
+git commit --allow-empty --allow-empty-message
+
+# add a new remote and push to it
+git remote add gitlab git@gitlab.com:user/my-awesome-repo.git
+git push gitlab
+
+# create a patch
+git add . && git commit -m 'commit message' && git format-patch HEAD~1 && git reset HEAD~1
+git diff > file.patch
+
+# apply a patch
+git apply file.patch
+
+# change last commit's author
+git config user.name "user name"
+git config user.email user.email@mail.com
+git commit --amend --reset-author
+
+# sign all commits from now on
+git config --global user.signingkey 'KEY_ID_IN_SHORT_FORMAT'
+git config --local commit.gpgsign true
+
+# working with windows fellas
+git config core.autocrlf "input"  # unix
+git config core.autocrlf "true"   # windows
+
+# show the current configuration
+git config --list
+git config --list --show-origin
+
+# get the top-level directory of the current repository
+git rev-parse --show-toplevel
+
+# get the current branch
+git branch --show-current         # git > v2.22
+git rev-parse --abbrev-ref HEAD
+
+# list tags
+git tag
+
+# create annotated tags
+# stored as full objects in git's database
+git tag --annotate v0.1.0
+git tag -as v1.2.0-r0 -m "signed annotated tag for v1.2.0 release 0"
+git tag -a 1.1.9 9fceb02  # specific to a commit
+
+# create lightweight tags
+# stored as a pointer to a specific commit
+git tag v0.1.1-rc0
+
+# push tags
+git push origin v1.5
+git push --follow-tags  # all annotated tags only
+git push --tags         # all tags
+
+# delete tags
+git tag -d v1.4-lw                # local only
+git push origin --delete v1.4-lw  # remote only
+
+# create an alias
+git config --local alias.co checkout
+git config --global alias.unstage 'reset HEAD --'
+
+# remove merged branches
+git fetch -p && awk '/origin/&&/gone/{print $1}' <(git branch -vv) | xargs git branch -d
+
+# get a more specific diff
+git diff --word-diff
+git diff --word-diff=color
+git diff --word-diff=porcelain
+```
+
+## Debug
+
+When everything else fails, use this:
+
+```shell
+export GIT_TRACE=1
+```
+
+## Common configuration
+
+```shell
+# required
+git config --local user.email 'me@me.info'
+git config --local user.name 'Me'
+
+# working with windows fellas
+# 'input' on unix, 'true' on windows, 'false' only if you know what you are doing
+git config --local core.autocrlf 'input'
+
+# sign commits
+git config --local user.signingkey 'KEY_ID_IN_SHORT_FORMAT'  # gpg --list-keys --keyid-format short
+git config --local commit.gpgsign true                       # sign all commits
+git commit --message "whatever" --gpg-sign                   # or -S
+
+# pull submodules by default
+git config --global submodule.recurse true
+```
+
+## Checkout a remote branch
+
+AKA create a local branch tracking a remote branch
+
+```shell
+git checkout -b "${LOCAL_BRANCH}" "${REMOTE}/${REMOTE_BRANCH}"
+```
+
+```shell
+$ git checkout -b local_branch origin/remote_branch
+Branch 'local_branch' set up to track remote branch 'remote_branch' from 'origin'.
+Switched to a new branch 'local_branch'
+```
+
+## Delete all branches already merged on master
+
+Already present in `oh-my-zsh` as the `gbda` alias
+
+Command source [here][prune local branches that do not exist on remote anymore]
+
+```shell
+git fetch -p && awk '/origin/&&/gone/{print $1}' <(git branch -vv) | xargs git branch -d
+git branch --no-color --merged | command grep -vE "^(\*|\s*(master|develop|dev)\s*$)" | command xargs -n 1 git branch -d
+```
+
+```shell
+for repo in $(find . -type d -name .git | awk -F '/.git' '{print $1}'); do cd ${repo}; echo "--- ${PWD##*/} ---"; gbda; cd - > /dev/null; done
+```
+
+## Sync up all repos in the current directory
+
+```shell
+for repo in $(find . -type d -name .git | awk -F '/.git' '{print $1}'); do cd ${repo}; echo "--- ${PWD##*/} ---"; git pull; cd - > /dev/null; done
+```
+
+## Merge master into a feature branch
+
+```shell
+git stash pull
+git checkout master
+git pull
+git checkout feature
+git pull
+git merge --no-ff master
+git stash pop
+```
+
+```shell
+git checkout feature
+git pull origin master
+```
+
+## Rebase a branch on top of another
+
+`rebase` takes the commits of a branch and appends them to the commits of a different branch.
+The commits to rebase are previously saved into a temporary area and then reapplied to the new branch, one by one, in order.
+
+```shell
+git rebase origin/${upstream} ${branch}
+```
+
+Rebase the current branch onto **upstream** branch `master`
+
+```shell
+git pull --rebase=interactive origin master
+```
+
+## LFS
+
+1. install the LFS extension for git
+
+   ```shell
+   # Ubuntu
+   apt install git-lfs
+   ```
+
+1. enable the extension in the repository
+
+   ```shell
+   $ cd "${REPOSITORY}"
+   [repository-root]$ git install lfs
+   ```
+
+1. configure file tracking
+
+   ```shell
+   [repository-root]$ git lfs track "*.exe"
+   [repository-root]$ git lfs track "enormous_file.*"
+   ```
+
+- add the `.gitattributes` file to the traced files
+
+  ```shell
+  [repository-root]$ git add .gitattributes
+  [repository-root]$ git commit -m "lfs configured"
+  ```
+
+## Submodules
+
+See [Git Submodules: Adding, Using, Removing, Updating].
+
+- add a submodule to an existing repository:
+
+  ```shell
+  git submodule add https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh lib/ohmyzsh
+  ```
+
+- clone a repository with submodules:
+
+  ```shell
+  git clone --recursive keybase://public/bananas/dotfiles
+  git clone --recurse-submodules ohmyzsh keybase://public/bananas/dotfiles
+  ```
+
+- update an existing repository with submodules:
+
+  ```shell
+  git pull --recurse-submodules
+  ```
+
+To delete a submodule the procedure is more complicated:
+
+1. de-init the submodule:
+
+   ```shell
+   git submodule deinit lib/ohmyzsh
+   ```
+
+   this wil also remove the entry from `$REPO_ROOT/.git/config`
+
+1. remove the submodule from the index:
+
+   ```shell
+   git rm -rf lib/ohmyzsh
+   ```
+
+   this wil also remove the entry from `$REPO_ROOT/.gitmodules`
+
+1. commit the changes
+
+## Crypt
+
+FIXME
+
+## Visualize the repo's history
+
+```shell
+git log --graph --full-history --all --color --decorate --oneline
+```
+
+## Remove a file from a commit
+
+See [remove files from git commit].
+
+## Remove a file from the repository
+
+1. **unstage the file** using `git reset` specify the HEAD as source
+
+   ```shell
+   git reset HEAD superSecretFile
+   ```
+
+1. **remove it from the index** using `git rm` with the `--cached` option
+
+   ```shell
+   git rm --cached superSecretFile
+   ```
+
+1. check the file is no longer in the index
+
+   ```shell
+   $ git ls-files | grep superSecretFile
+   $
+   ```
+
+1. add it to `.gitignore` or remove it from the disk
+1. amend the most recent commit from your repository
+
+   ```shell
+   git commit --amend
+   ```
+
+## Remotes management
+
+```shell
+# add a remote
+git remote add gitlab git@gitlab.com:user/my-awesome-repo.git
+
+# add other push urls to an existing remote
+git remote set-url --push --add origin https://exampleuser@example.com/path/to/repo1
+
+# change a remote
+git remote set-url origin git@github.com:user/new-repo-name.git
+```
+
+### Push to multiple git remotes with the one command
+
+To always push to `repo1`, `repo2`, and `repo3`, but always pull only from `repo1`, set up the remote 'origin' as follows:
+
+```shell
+git remote add origin https://exampleuser@example.com/path/to/repo1
+git remote set-url --push --add origin https://exampleuser@example.com/path/to/repo1
+git remote set-url --push --add origin https://exampleuser@example.com/path/to/repo2
+git remote set-url --push --add origin https://exampleuser@example.com/path/to/repo3
+```
+
+```plaintext
+[remote "origin"]
+    url = https://exampleuser@example.com/path/to/repo1
+    pushurl = https://exampleuser@example.com/path/to/repo1
+    pushurl = https://exampleuser@example.com/path/to/repo2
+    pushurl = https://exampleuser@example.com/path/to/repo3
+    fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+```
+
+To only pull from `repo1` but push to `repo1` and `repo2` for a specific branch `specialBranch`:
+
+```plaintext
+[remote "origin"]
+    url = ssh://git@aaa.xxx.com:7999/yyy/repo1.git
+    fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+    ...
+[remote "specialRemote"]
+    url = ssh://git@aaa.xxx.com:7999/yyy/repo1.git
+    pushurl = ssh://git@aaa.xxx.com:7999/yyy/repo1.git
+    pushurl = ssh://git@aaa.xxx.com:7999/yyy/repo2.git
+    fetch = +refs/heads/*:refs/remotes/origin/*
+    ...
+[branch "specialBranch"]
+    remote = origin
+    pushRemote = specialRemote
+    ...
+```
+
+See <https://git-scm.com/docs/git-config#git-config-branchltnamegtremote>.
+
+## Delete a branch
+
+```shell
+# locally
+git branch --delete feat-branch
+git branch -D feat-branch
+
+# remote
+git push origin :feat-branch
+git push origin --delete feat-branch
+
+# both
+git branch --delete --remotes feat-branch
+```
+
+## Sync the branch list
+
+```shell
+git fetch --prune
+```
+
+## Sync the tags list
+
+```shell
+git fetch --prune-tags
+```
+
+## Troubleshooting
+
+### GPG cannot sign a commit
+
+> ```shell
+> error: gpg failed to sign the data
+> fatal: failed to write commit object
+> ```
+
+If gnupg2 and gpg-agent 2.x are used, be sure to set the environment variable GPG_TTY, specially zsh users with Powerlevel10k with Instant Prompt enabled.
+
+```shell
+export GPG_TTY=$(tty)
+```
+
+## Further readings
+
+- [Get the repository's root directory]
+- [How do I check out a remote Git branch] on [StackOverflow]
+- [How to manage your secrets with git-crypt]
+- Question about [how to rebase a local branch with remote master]
+- Question about how to [merge master into a feature branch]
+- Question about how to [prune local branches that do not exist on remote anymore]
+- Question about how to [rebase remote branches]
+- Quick guide about [git rebase][rebase quick guide]
+- Quick guide about how to [remove files from git commit]
+- The official [LFS website]
+- [How to get the current branch name in Git?]
+- [Git Submodules: Adding, Using, Removing, Updating]
+- [How to add and update git submodules]
+- [Is there a way to make git pull automatically update submodules?]
+- [How to change a git remote]
+- Git [docs]
+- [Why can't I delete a branch in a remote GitLab repository?]
+- [How to Delete a Git Branch Both Locally and Remotely]
+- [gpg failed to sign the data fatal: failed to write commit object]
+- [Able to push to all git remotes with the one command?]
+- [Create a git patch from the uncommitted changes in the current working directory]
+- [Is there a way to gpg sign all previous commits?]
+- [Tagging]
+- [10 Git tips we can't live without]
+- [Coloring white space in git-diff's output]
+- [Multiple git configuration]
+- [How to improve git's diff highlighting?]
+
+[docs]: https://git-scm.com/docs/git
+[gitignore]: https://git-scm.com/docs/gitignore
+[tagging]: https://git-scm.com/book/en/v2/Git-Basics-Tagging
+
+[stackoverflow]: https://stackoverflow.com
+
+[10 git tips we can't live without]: https://opensource.com/article/22/4/git-tips
+[able to push to all git remotes with the one command?]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5785549/able-to-push-to-all-git-remotes-with-the-one-command
+[coloring white space in git-diff's output]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5257553/coloring-white-space-in-git-diffs-output#5259137
+[create a git patch from the uncommitted changes in the current working directory]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/5159185/create-a-git-patch-from-the-uncommitted-changes-in-the-current-working-directory
+[get the repository's root directory]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/957928/is-there-a-way-to-get-the-git-root-directory-in-one-command/#957978
+[git submodules: adding, using, removing, updating]: https://chrisjean.com/git-submodules-adding-using-removing-and-updating/
+[gpg failed to sign the data fatal: failed to write commit object]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/39494631/gpg-failed-to-sign-the-data-fatal-failed-to-write-commit-object-git-2-10-0
+[how do i check out a remote git branch]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/1783405/how-do-i-check-out-a-remote-git-branch/#1787014
+[how to add and update git submodules]: https://devconnected.com/how-to-add-and-update-git-submodules/
+[how to change a git remote]: https://careerkarma.com/blog/git-change-remote/
+[how to delete a git branch both locally and remotely]: https://www.freecodecamp.org/news/how-to-delete-a-git-branch-both-locally-and-remotely/
+[how to get the current branch name in git?]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6245570/how-to-get-the-current-branch-name-in-git#6245587
+[how to improve git's diff highlighting?]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/49278577/how-to-improve-gits-diff-highlighting#49281425
+[how to manage your secrets with git-crypt]: https://dev.to/heroku/how-to-manage-your-secrets-with-git-crypt-56ih
+[how to rebase a local branch with remote master]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/7929369/how-to-rebase-local-branch-with-remote-master/#18442755
+[is there a way to gpg sign all previous commits?]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/41882919/is-there-a-way-to-gpg-sign-all-previous-commits
+[is there a way to make git pull automatically update submodules?]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/4611512/is-there-a-way-to-make-git-pull-automatically-update-submodules#49427199
+[lfs website]: https://git-lfs.github.com/
+[merge master into a feature branch]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/16955980/git-merge-master-into-feature-branch
+[multiple git configuration]: https://riptutorial.com/git/example/1423/multiple-git-configurations
+[prune local tracking branches that do not exist on remote anymore]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/13064613/how-to-prune-local-tracking-branches-that-do-not-exist-on-remote-anymore#17029936
+[rebase quick guide]: https://medium.com/@gabriellamedas/git-rebase-and-git-rebase-onto-a6a3f83f9cce
+[rebase remote branches]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/6199889/rebasing-remote-branches-in-git/#6204804
+[remove files from git commit]: https://devconnected.com/how-to-remove-files-from-git-commit/
+[why can't i delete a branch in a remote gitlab repository?]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/44657989/why-cant-i-delete-a-branch-in-a-remote-gitlab-repository#44658277