diff --git a/.vscode/settings.json b/.vscode/settings.json
index b20a527..8d7bd73 100644
--- a/.vscode/settings.json
+++ b/.vscode/settings.json
@@ -253,6 +253,7 @@
"rego",
"replicatedctl",
"resolv",
+ "resolvables",
"rfkill",
"ripsecrets",
"rmmod",
diff --git a/knowledge base/zypper.md b/knowledge base/zypper.md
index 0f61734..b2391bb 100644
--- a/knowledge base/zypper.md
+++ b/knowledge base/zypper.md
@@ -1,8 +1,7 @@
# The Zypper package manager
-SUSE and openSUSE GNU/Linux's package management utility and command-line interface to the ZYpp system management library (`libzypp`).
-
-## Table of contents
+SUSE and openSUSE GNU/Linux's package management utility and command-line interface to the ZYpp system management
+library (`libzypp`).
1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
1. [Concepts](#concepts)
@@ -10,7 +9,7 @@ SUSE and openSUSE GNU/Linux's package management utility and command-line interf
1. [Configuration](#configuration)
1. [Gotchas](#gotchas)
1. [Further readings](#further-readings)
-1. [Sources](#sources)
+ 1. [Sources](#sources)
## TL;DR
@@ -35,10 +34,16 @@ Default files:
Command examples:
```sh
-# Update the package cache.
+# Update caches.
zypper refresh
zypper ref 'updates'
+# Clean caches.
+zypper clean --metadata
+zypper clean --all 'packman'
+
+# ---
+
# Search for resolvables.
zypper search 'nmap'
zypper se -r 'repository' 'mariadb'
@@ -63,7 +68,7 @@ zypper in --no-recommends 'gv' 'virtualbox-ose=2.0.6' '/root/ansible.rpm'
# Install from specific repositories.
# Requires the repo to be already added.
-zypper in -r 'packman' 'libavdevice60'
+zypper in -r 'packman' --download-in-heaps 'libavdevice60'
zypper in -r 'https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/vivaldi-suse.repo' 'vivaldi'
# Reinstall resolvables.
@@ -74,7 +79,7 @@ zypper in -f 'amdgpu-dkms'
zypper source-install -d 'dbus-1'
zypper si 'dolphin-plugins'
-# Check the dependencies of *installed* packages are satisfied.
+# Check the dependencies of *installed* resolvables are satisfied.
zypper verify 'git-lfs'
zypper ve 'virtualbox'
@@ -88,9 +93,9 @@ zypper in '!Firefox' '-htop'
zypper list-updates
zypper lu --all
-# Update installed packages.
+# Update installed resolvables.
zypper update
-zypper up 'vivaldi-stable'
+zypper up --download-in-heaps 'vivaldi-stable'
# List available patches.
# By default, it shows only *applicable* ones.
@@ -104,23 +109,23 @@ zypper pchk --with-optional
# Apply patches.
zypper patch
-# Perform a distribution upgrade.
+# Perform distribution upgrades.
zypper dist-upgrade
-zypper dup --details --from 'factory' --from 'packman'
+zypper dup --details --from 'factory' --from 'packman' --download-in-heaps
# List unneded packages.
# E.g. older dependencies not used anymore.
zypper packages --unneeded
zypper pa --unneeded
+# ---
-# List currently defined repositories.
+# List repositories.
zypper repos
-zypper rl -d --sort-by-priority
+zypper lr -d --sort-by-priority
# Add repositories.
-zypper addrepo --check --refresh --priority '90' \
- 'https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/vivaldi-suse.repo' 'vivaldi'
+zypper addrepo --check --refresh --priority '90' 'https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/vivaldi-suse.repo' 'vivaldi'
zypper ar -cfp '89' …
# Remove repositories.
@@ -136,10 +141,7 @@ zypper nr '5' 'packman'
zypper modifyrepo -er 'updates'
zypper mr -da
-
-# Clean caches.
-zypper clean --metadata
-zypper clean --all 'packman'
+# ---
# Execute without user confirmation (non-interactively).
zypper --non-interactive …
@@ -150,8 +152,16 @@ zypper purge-kernels --dry-run
# Clean up unneded packages.
# Always check what is being done.
zypper packages --unneeded \
-| awk -F'|' 'NR>4{gsub(" ", "", $0);print $3"="$4}' \
-| sort -u | sudo xargs zypper rm -u
+| awk -F'|' 'NR>4{gsub(" ", "", $0);print $3"="$4}' | sort -u \
+| sudo xargs zypper rm -u
+
+# Upgrade distribution's releases.
+sudo zypper refresh \
+&& sudo zypper update \
+&& sed -i 's|/15.5/|/${releasever}/|g' '/etc/zypp/repos.d/'*'.repo' \
+&& sudo zypper --releasever '15.6' refresh \
+&& sudo zypper --releasever '15.6' dist-upgrade \
+&& sudo reboot
```
## Concepts
@@ -161,13 +171,17 @@ In contrast to normal repositories, @System provides packages that can only be d
Installed packages which do not belong to any available repository are denoted as _unwanted_, _orphaned_ or _dropped_.
-One can specify the location of packages or repositories using any type of URI supported by `libzypp` (e.g. local paths, ftp/https/other URI).
-In addition, Zypper accepts openSUSE Build Service repositories in the `addrepo` command in the form of `obs://project/platform` URI.
+One can specify the location of packages or repositories using any type of URI supported by `libzypp` (e.g. local paths,
+ftp/https/other URI).
+In addition, Zypper accepts openSUSE Build Service repositories in the `addrepo` command in the form of
+`obs://project/platform` URI.
Resource objects are called _resolvables_.
-They might be **packages**, **patches**, **patterns**, **products**, or basically any kind of object with dependencies to other objects managed by `libzypp`.
+They might be **packages**, **patches**, **patterns**, **products**, or basically any kind of object with dependencies
+to other objects managed by `libzypp`.
-If one does not request specific versions of resolvables during an action, Zypper's dependency solver will pick a _reasonable_ one automatically.
+If one does not request specific versions of resolvables during an action, Zypper's dependency solver will pick a
+_reasonable_ one automatically.
## Repositories
@@ -209,30 +223,28 @@ sudo rpm --query --list 'parallel'
- [Managing software with command line tools]
- [Zypp configuration options]
-## Sources
-
-All the references in the [further readings] section, plus the following:
+### Sources
- [Package repositories]
- [Additional package repositories]
- [Command to clean out all unneeded autoinstalled dependencies]
+- [System upgrade]
+
+[rpm]: rpm.md
+
[additional package repositories]: https://en.opensuse.org/Additional_package_repositories
[command to clean out all unneeded autoinstalled dependencies]: https://github.com/openSUSE/zypper/issues/116
[managing software with command line tools]: https://documentation.suse.com/sles/15-SP5/html/SLES-all/cha-sw-cl.html
[package repositories]: https://en.opensuse.org/Package_repositories
+[system upgrade]: https://en.opensuse.org/SDB:System_upgrade
[zypp configuration options]: https://doc.opensuse.org/projects/libzypp/HEAD/group__ZyppConfig.html
-
-[further readings]: #further-readings
-
-
-[rpm]: rpm.md
-
[how can i list all files which have been installed by an zypp/zypper package?]: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/162092/how-can-i-list-all-files-which-have-been-installed-by-an-zypp-zypper-package#239944
diff --git a/snippets/zypper.sh b/snippets/zypper.sh
new file mode 100644
index 0000000..b9a5d8f
--- /dev/null
+++ b/snippets/zypper.sh
@@ -0,0 +1,79 @@
+#!/usr/bin/env sh
+
+# Update the cache
+sudo zypper refresh
+sudo zypper ref 'updates'
+sudo zypper ref --releasever '15.6'
+
+# Search for resolvables
+zypper search 'nmap'
+zypper se -r 'mariadb-repo' 'mariadb'
+zypper se -s 'kernel-default'
+zypper se --details 'boinc-client'
+
+# Display resolvables' detailed information
+zypper info 'workrave'
+zypper if -t 'patch' 'libzypp'
+zypper if -t 'pattern' 'lamp_server'
+
+# Install resolvables
+sudo zypper install 'parallel'
+sudo zypper in --no-confirm --download-in-heaps 'https://prerelease.keybase.io/keybase_amd64.rpm'
+sudo zypper in --no-recommends 'gv' 'virtualbox-ose=2.0.6' '/root/ansible.rpm'
+sudo zypper in -r 'https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/vivaldi-suse.repo' 'vivaldi'
+sudo zypper in -f 'amdgpu-dkms'
+
+# Check the dependencies of *installed* resolvables are satisfied
+zypper verify 'git-lfs'
+zypper ve 'virtualbox'
+
+# Remove resolvables
+sudo zypper remove --clean-deps 'code'
+sudo zypper rm -u 'zfs'
+sudo zypper in '!Firefox' '-htop'
+
+# Clean caches
+sudo zypper clean --metadata
+sudo zypper clean --all 'packman'
+
+# List available udates
+# By default, it shows only *installable* ones
+zypper list-updates
+zypper lu --all --releasever '15.6'
+
+# Update installed resolvables.
+sudo zypper update
+sudo zypper up 'vivaldi-stable'
+
+# Perform distribution upgrades.
+sudo zypper dist-upgrade
+sudo zypper dup --details --from 'factory' --from 'packman'
+sudo zypper --releasever '15.6' --download-in-heaps dup
+
+# List repositories
+zypper repos
+zypper lr -d --sort-by-priority
+
+# Add repositories
+sudo zypper addrepo --check --refresh --priority '90' 'https://repo.vivaldi.com/archive/vivaldi-suse.repo' 'vivaldi'
+
+# Remove repositories
+sudo zypper removerepo 'mozilla'
+sudo zypper rr '3'
+
+# Clean up installed kernel packages
+zypper purge-kernels --dry-run
+
+# Clean up unneded packages
+# Always check what is being done
+zypper packages --unneeded \
+| awk -F'|' 'NR>4{gsub(" ", "", $0);print $3"="$4}' | sort -u \
+| sudo xargs -p zypper rm -u
+
+# Upgrade distribution's releases
+sudo zypper refresh
+sudo zypper update
+sed -i 's|/15.5/|/${releasever}/|g' '/etc/zypp/repos.d/'*'.repo'
+sudo zypper --releasever '15.6' refresh
+sudo zypper --releasever '15.6' dist-upgrade
+sudo reboot