diff --git a/knowledge base/zsh.md b/knowledge base/zsh.md index d75e6bb..7adffb7 100644 --- a/knowledge base/zsh.md +++ b/knowledge base/zsh.md @@ -50,7 +50,8 @@ Exit files load sequence: 1. `/etc/zlogout` 1. `${ZDOTDIR}/.zlogout` -Aliases are expanded when the function definition is parsed, not when the function is executed. Define aliases **before** functions to avoid problems. +Aliases are expanded when the function definition is parsed, not when the function is executed.
+Define aliases **before** functions to avoid problems. ```sh # Logout after 3 minutes of inactivity. @@ -116,7 +117,8 @@ When one writes an alias, one can also press `ctrl-x` followed by `a` to see the ## Parameter expansion -Parameter expansions can involve flags like `${(@kv)aliases}` and other operators such as `${PREFIX:-"/usr/local"}`.
+Parameter expansions can involve flags like `${(@kv)aliases}` and other operators such as +`${PREFIX:-"/usr/local"}`.
Nested parameters expand from the inside out. If the parameter is a **scalar** (a number or string) then the value, if any, is substituted: @@ -127,7 +129,8 @@ $ echo "$scalar" hello ``` -Curly braces are required if the expansion is followed by letters, digits or underscores that are not to be interpreted as part of name: +Curly braces are required if the expansion is followed by letters, digits or underscores that are not to be interpreted +as part of name: ```sh $ echo "${scalar}_world" @@ -362,12 +365,15 @@ zsh: name: parameter not set ### Matching and replacement -In the following expressions, when _name_ is an array and the substitution is not quoted, or if the `(@)` flag or the `name[@]` syntax is used, matching and replacement is performed **on each array element** separately. +In the following expressions, when _name_ is an array and the substitution is not quoted, or if the `(@)` flag or the +`name[@]` syntax is used, matching and replacement is performed **on each array element** separately. FIXME ## Arrays +Also see [Associative arrays in zsh]. + ```sh # Get a slice of an array. # Negative numbers count backwards. @@ -429,7 +435,8 @@ bindkey "^[[3~" delete-char - `RCS` affects all startup files - `GLOBAL_RCS` only affects global startup files (those shown here with an path starting with a /) - If one of the options is unset at any point, any subsequent startup file(s) of the corresponding type will not be read.
+ If one of the options is unset at any point, any subsequent startup file(s) of the corresponding type will not be + read.
It is also possible for a file in `$ZDOTDIR` to re-enable `GLOBAL_RCS`.
Both `RCS` and `GLOBAL_RCS` are set by default @@ -454,17 +461,25 @@ bindkey "^[[3~" delete-char 1. `$ZDOTDIR/.zlogout` 1. `/etc/zlogout` - This happens with either an explicit exit via the `exit` or `logout` commands, or an implicit exit by reading `end-of-file` from the terminal.
- However, if the shell terminates due to exec'ing another process, the files are not read. These are also affected by the `RCS` and `GLOBAL_RCS` options.
- The `RCS` option affects the saving of history files, i.e. if `RCS` is unset when the shell exits, no history file will be saved. + This happens with either an explicit exit via the `exit` or `logout` commands, or an implicit exit by reading + `end-of-file` from the terminal.
+ However, if the shell terminates due to exec'ing another process, the files are not read. These are also affected by + the `RCS` and `GLOBAL_RCS` options.
+ The `RCS` option affects the saving of history files, i.e. if `RCS` is unset when the shell exits, no history file + will be saved. -If `ZDOTDIR` is unset, `HOME` is used instead. Files listed above as being in `/etc` may be in another directory, depending on the installation. +If `ZDOTDIR` is unset, `HOME` is used instead. Files listed above as being in `/etc` may be in another directory, +depending on the installation. `/etc/zshenv` is run for **all** instances of zsh.
-it is a good idea to put code that does not need to be run for every single shell behind a test of the form `if [[ -o rcs ]]; then ...` so that it will not be executed when zsh is invoked with the `-f` option. +it is a good idea to put code that does not need to be run for every single shell behind a test of the form +`if [[ -o rcs ]]; then ...` so that it will not be executed when zsh is invoked with the `-f` option. -When `/etc/zprofile` is installed it will override `PATH` and possibly other variables that a user may set in `~/.zshenv`. Custom `PATH` settings and similar overridden variables can be moved to `~/.zprofile` or other user startup files that are sourced after the `/etc/zprofile`.
-If `PATH` must be set in `~/.zshenv` to affect things like non-login ssh shells, one method is to use a separate path-setting file that is conditionally sourced in `~/.zshenv` and also sourced from `~/.zprofile`. +When `/etc/zprofile` is installed it will override `PATH` and possibly other variables that a user may set in +`~/.zshenv`. Custom `PATH` settings and similar overridden variables can be moved to `~/.zprofile` or other user startup +files that are sourced after the `/etc/zprofile`.
+If `PATH` must be set in `~/.zshenv` to affect things like non-login ssh shells, one method is to use a separate +path-setting file that is conditionally sourced in `~/.zshenv` and also sourced from `~/.zprofile`. ### History @@ -557,7 +572,8 @@ bindkey "^[[3~" delete-char ### Compinit warnings of insecure directories and files -Compinit is complaining of some critical files being group writable. Running `compaudit` will list those files. Just use it to remove the group's write permission: +Compinit is complaining of some critical files being group writable. Running `compaudit` will list those files. Just use +it to remove the group's write permission: ```sh compaudit | xargs chmod g-w @@ -588,26 +604,27 @@ compaudit | xargs chmod g-w [antibody]: https://github.com/getantibody/antibody [antidote]: https://getantidote.github.io/ [antigen]: https://github.com/zsh-users/antigen -[fzf]: https://github.com/junegunn/fzf -[ohmyzsh]: https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh -[zcomet]: https://github.com/agkozak/zcomet -[zplug]: https://github.com/zplug/zplug -[zsh-autosuggestions]: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions -[zsh-completions]: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-completions -[zsh-history-substring-search]: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-history-substring-search -[zsh-syntax-highlighting]: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting +[Associative arrays in zsh]: https://scriptingosx.com/2019/11/associative-arrays-in-zsh/ [awesome zsh plugins]: https://github.com/unixorn/awesome-zsh-plugins [completion config example]: https://github.com/ThiefMaster/zsh-config/blob/master/zshrc.d/completion.zsh [fix key settings (home/end/insert/delete) in .zshrc when running zsh in terminator terminal emulator]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/8638012/fix-key-settings-home-end-insert-delete-in-zshrc-when-running-zsh-in-terminat#8645267 +[fzf]: https://github.com/junegunn/fzf [gentoo wiki]: https://wiki.gentoo.org/wiki/Zsh [handling signals with trap]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/59911669/proper-way-to-use-a-trap-to-exit-a-shell-script-in-zsh#59925138 [how can i convert an array into a comma separated string?]: https://stackoverflow.com/questions/53839253/how-can-i-convert-an-array-into-a-comma-separated-string [how to list all variables names and their current values?]: https://askubuntu.com/questions/275965/how-to-list-all-variables-names-and-their-current-values#275972 +[ohmyzsh]: https://github.com/ohmyzsh/ohmyzsh [pattern matching in a conditional expression]: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/553607/pattern-matching-in-a-zsh-conditional-expression [remove duplicates in zsh path]: https://til.hashrocket.com/posts/7evpdebn7g-remove-duplicates-in-zsh-path [substitutions]: http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Guide/zshguide05.html [the z shell manual]: http://zsh.sourceforge.net/Doc/Release/ [upper- or lower-casing strings]: https://scriptingosx.com/2019/12/upper-or-lower-casing-strings-in-bash-and-zsh/ [what should/shouldn't go in .zshenv, .zshrc, .zlogin, .zprofile, .zlogout?]: https://unix.stackexchange.com/questions/71253/what-should-shouldnt-go-in-zshenv-zshrc-zlogin-zprofile-zlogout#487889 +[zcomet]: https://github.com/agkozak/zcomet +[zplug]: https://github.com/zplug/zplug [zsh compinit: insecure directories and files, run compaudit for list]: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-completions/issues/433#issuecomment-619321054 [zsh delete keybinding]: https://superuser.com/questions/983016/zsh-delete-keybinding#983018 +[zsh-autosuggestions]: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-autosuggestions +[zsh-completions]: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-completions +[zsh-history-substring-search]: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-history-substring-search +[zsh-syntax-highlighting]: https://github.com/zsh-users/zsh-syntax-highlighting