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chore: improved folder structure

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Michele Cereda
2023-09-18 00:37:48 +02:00
parent bcd597f9ea
commit 66428e7670
5 changed files with 154 additions and 77 deletions
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knowledge base/btrfs.md
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@@ -13,125 +13,133 @@ Features and benefits [here][introduction]. (Meta)Data profiles [here][mkfs.btrf
## TL;DR
```sh
# Create a volume with single metadata and double data blocks
# Create volumes with single metadata and double data blocks.
# Useless in practice, but a good example nonetheless.
sudo mkfs.btrfs --metadata 'single' --data 'dup' '/dev/sdb'
sudo mkfs.btrfs --metadata "single" --data "dup" "/dev/sdb"
# Sparse a volume on multiple devices.
sudo mkfs.btrfs --label 'data' /dev/sd{a,c,d,f,g} --force \
# Sparse one volume on multiple devices.
sudo mkfs.btrfs --label "data" /dev/sd{a,c,d,f,g} --force \
&& echo "LABEL=data /mnt/data btrfs compress=zstd 0 0"
| tee -a /etc/fstab
```
# List all btrfs file systems.
```sh
# List all BTRFS file systems.
sudo btrfs filesystem show
# Show detailed `df` analogue for a filesystem.
sudo btrfs filesystem df 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs filesystem df -h 'path/to/filesystem'
# Show detailed `df` analogue for filesystems.
sudo btrfs filesystem df "path/to/filesystem"
sudo btrfs filesystem df -h "path/to/filesystem"
# Show detailed `du` analogue for a filesystem.
sudo btrfs filesystem du 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs filesystem du --human-readable -s 'path/to/filesystem'
# Show detailed `du` analogue for filesystems.
sudo btrfs filesystem du "path/to/filesystem"
sudo btrfs filesystem du --human-readable -s "path/to/filesystem"
# Give more details about usage.
sudo btrfs filesystem usage 'path/to/filesystem'
# Give more details about filesystems' usage.
sudo btrfs filesystem usage "path/to/filesystem"
# Resize online volumes.
# Resize *online* volumes.
# -2g decreases, +2g increases.
sudo btrfs filesystem resize '-2g' 'path/to/volume'
sudo btrfs filesystem resize 'max' 'path/to/volume'
sudo btrfs filesystem resize "-2g" "path/to/volume"
sudo btrfs filesystem resize "max" "path/to/volume"
# Add new devices to a filesystem.
sudo btrfs device add '/dev/sdb' '/mnt'
# Add new devices to filesystems.
sudo btrfs device add "/dev/sdb" "path/to/filesystem"
# Remove devices from a filesystem.
sudo btrfs device delete missing '/mnt'
# Remove devices from filesystems.
sudo btrfs device delete missing "path/to/filesystem"
# List subvolumes.
sudo btrfs subvolume list '/mnt'
sudo btrfs subvolume list "path/to/subvolume"
# Create subvolumes.
btrfs subvolume create ~/subvolume
sudo btrfs subvolume create '/mnt/subvolume'
btrfs subvolume create "${HOME}/path/to/subvolume"
sudo btrfs subvolume create "path/to/subvolume"
# Create a readonly snapshot of a subvolume.
btrfs subvolume snapshot ~/subvolume ~/snapshot
sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot -r '/mnt/volume/subvolume' '/mnt/volume/snapshot'
# Create snapshots of subvolumes.
btrfs subvolume snapshot "${HOME}/path/to/subvolume" "${HOME}/path/to/snapshot"
sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot -r "path/to/subvolume" "path/to/snapshot"
# Mount subvolumes without mounting their main filesystem.
sudo mount -o 'subvol=sv1' '/dev/sdb' '/mnt'
sudo mount -o 'subvol=sv1' "/dev/sdb" "/mnt"
# Delete a subvolume.
sudo btrfs subvolume delete --commit-each '/mnt/volume/subvolume'
# Delete subvolumes.
sudo btrfs subvolume delete --commit-each "path/to/subvolume"
# Deduplicate a volume's blocks.
sudo duperemove -Adrh --hashfile='/tmp/dr.hash' '/mnt/volume1' '/media' 'volume2'
sudo jdupes --dedupe -rZ '/mnt/volume1' '/media' 'volume2'
# Automatically compress new files and folders in directories in BTRFS mounts.
chattr +c 'path/to/dir'
# Disable Copy-on-Write for folders or subvolumes.
chattr +C 'path/to/dir'
# Deduplicate volumes' blocks.
sudo duperemove -Adrh --hashfile="/tmp/dr.hash" "path/1" … "path/n"
sudo jdupes --dedupe -rZ "path/1" … "path/n"
# Send and receive snapshots.
sudo btrfs send '/source/.snapshots/snap' \
| sudo btrfs receive '/destination/.snapshots/'
sudo btrfs send "path/to/source/snapshots" \
| sudo btrfs receive "path/to/destination/snapshots/folder/"
# Show the properties of a subvolume/filesystem/inode/device.
btrfs property get -ts 'path/to/subvolume'
btrfs property get -tf 'path/to/filesystem'
btrfs property get -ti 'path/to/inode'
btrfs property get -td 'path/to/device'
btrfs property get 'path/to/autoselected/type/of/resource'
# Show the properties of subvolumes/filesystems/inodes/devices.
btrfs property get -ts "path/to/subvolume"
btrfs … -tf "path/to/filesystem"
btrfs … -ti "path/to/inode"
btrfs … -td "path/to/device"
btrfs … "path/to/autoselected/type/of/resource"
# Change a subvolume to RO on the fly.
btrfs property set -ts 'path/to/subvolume' 'ro' 'true'
# Change RW subvolumes to RO ones on the fly.
btrfs property set -ts "path/to/subvolume" 'ro' 'true'
# Show a volume's information.
sudo btrfs subvolume show 'path/to/subvolume'
# Show subvolumes' information.
sudo btrfs subvolume show "path/to/subvolume"
# Check the compress ratio of a compressed volume.
# Check the compress ratio of compressed volumes.
# Requires `compsize`.
sudo compsize '/mnt/volume'
sudo compsize "path/to/subvolume"
# Show the status of a running or paused balance operation.
sudo btrfs balance status 'path/to/filesystem'
# Show the status of running or paused balance operations.
sudo btrfs balance status "path/to/filesystem"
# Balance all block groups.
# Slow: rewrites all blocks in filesystem.
sudo btrfs balance start 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs balance start 'path/to/filesystem' --bg --enqueue
# Slow, because it rewrites *all* blocks in the filesystem.
sudo btrfs balance start "path/to/filesystem"
sudo btrfs balance start "path/to/filesystem" --bg --enqueue
# Balance data block groups which are less than 15% utilized.
# Run the operation in the background
sudo btrfs balance start --bg -dusage='15' 'path/to/filesystem'
# Run the operation in the background.
sudo btrfs balance start --bg -dusage='15' "path/to/filesystem"
# Balance a max of 10 metadata chunks with less than 20% utilization and at
# least 1 chunk on a given device 'devid'.
# Get the device's devid with `btrfs filesystem show`.
sudo btrfs balance start -musage='20,limit=10,devid=devid' 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs balance start -musage='20,limit=10,devid=devid' "path/to/filesystem"
# Convert data blocks to the 'raid6' profile, and metadata to 'raid1c3'.
sudo btrfs balance start -dconvert='raid6' -mconvert='raid1c3' 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs balance start -dconvert='raid6' -mconvert='raid1c3' "path/to/filesystem"
# Convert data blocks to raid1 skipping already converted chunks.
# Useful after a previous cancelled conversion operation.
sudo btrfs balance start -dconvert='raid1,soft' 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs balance start -dconvert='raid1,soft' "path/to/filesystem"
# Cancel, pause or resume a running or paused balance operation.
sudo btrfs balance cancel 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs balance pause 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs balance resume 'path/to/filesystem'
# Cancel, pause or resume running or paused balance operations.
sudo btrfs balance cancel "path/to/filesystem"
sudo btrfs balance pause "path/to/filesystem"
sudo btrfs balance resume "path/to/filesystem"
# Enable quota.
sudo btrfs quota enable 'path/to/subvolume'
sudo btrfs quota enable "path/to/subvolume"
# Show quota.
sudo btrfs qgroup show 'path/to/subvolume'
sudo btrfs qgroup show "path/to/subvolume"
# Convert ext3/ext4 to btrfs.
btrfs-convert '/dev/sdb1'
# Convert ext3/ext4 filesystems to BTRFS.
btrfs-convert "/dev/sdb1"
# Convert btrfs to ext3/ext4.
btrfs-convert -r '/dev/sdb1'
# Convert BTRFS filesystems to ext3/ext4.
btrfs-convert -r "/dev/sdb1"
# Create and activate a 2GB swapfile.
# Generic procedure. Valid for all `btrfs`' versions.
# Generic procedure.
truncate -s '0' 'path/to/swapfile'
chattr +C 'path/to/swapfile'
fallocate -l '2G' 'path/to/swapfile'
@@ -140,7 +148,7 @@ mkswap 'path/to/swapfile'
swapon 'path/to/swapfile'
# Create and activate a 2GB swapfile.
# `btrfs` >= 6.1 only.
# `btrfs` utility >= 6.1 only.
btrfs filesystem mkswapfile --size '2G' 'path/to/swapfile'
swapon 'path/to/swapfile'
```
@@ -150,7 +158,7 @@ swapon 'path/to/swapfile'
See also [snapper].
```sh
sudo btrfs send --no-data -p '/old/snapshot' '/new/snapshot' \
sudo btrfs send --no-data -p "path/to/old/snapshot" "path/to/new/snapshot" \
| sudo btrfs receive --dump
# Requires one to be using `snapper` to manage the snapshots.