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chore: improved readibility, added options for btrfs filesystem df and du

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Michele Cereda
2023-03-22 00:38:42 +01:00
parent 9576ff4ac2
commit 54d1927564
1 changed files with 48 additions and 42 deletions
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knowledge base/btrfs.md
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@@ -4,11 +4,11 @@
```sh ```sh
# Create a volume with single metadata and double data blocks # Create a volume with single metadata and double data blocks
# Useless in practice but a good example. # Useless in practice, but a good example nonetheless.
sudo mkfs.btrfs --metadata single --data dup /dev/sdb sudo mkfs.btrfs --metadata 'single' --data 'dup' '/dev/sdb'
# Sparse a volume on multiple devices. # Sparse a volume on multiple devices.
sudo mkfs.btrfs --label data /dev/sd{a,c,d,e,f,g} --force \ sudo mkfs.btrfs --label 'data' /dev/sd{a,c,d,f,g} --force \
&& echo "LABEL=data /mnt/data btrfs compress=zstd 0 0" && echo "LABEL=data /mnt/data btrfs compress=zstd 0 0"
| tee -a /etc/fstab | tee -a /etc/fstab
@@ -16,103 +16,108 @@ sudo mkfs.btrfs --label data /dev/sd{a,c,d,e,f,g} --force \
sudo btrfs filesystem show sudo btrfs filesystem show
# Show detailed `df` analogue for a filesystem. # Show detailed `df` analogue for a filesystem.
sudo btrfs filesystem df path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs filesystem df 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs filesystem df -h 'path/to/filesystem'
# Show detailed `du` analogue for a filesystem.
sudo btrfs filesystem du 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs filesystem du --human-readable -s 'path/to/filesystem'
# Give more details about usage. # Give more details about usage.
sudo btrfs filesystem usage path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs filesystem usage 'path/to/filesystem'
# Resize online volumes. # Resize online volumes.
# -2g decreases, +2g increases. # -2g decreases, +2g increases.
sudo btrfs filesystem resize -2g path/to/volume sudo btrfs filesystem resize '-2g' 'path/to/volume'
sudo btrfs filesystem resize max path/to/volume sudo btrfs filesystem resize 'max' 'path/to/volume'
# Add new devices to a filesystem. # Add new devices to a filesystem.
sudo btrfs device add /dev/sdf /mnt sudo btrfs device add '/dev/sdb' '/mnt'
# Remove devices from a filesystem. # Remove devices from a filesystem.
sudo btrfs device delete missing /mnt sudo btrfs device delete missing '/mnt'
# List subvolumes. # List subvolumes.
sudo btrfs subvolume list /mnt sudo btrfs subvolume list '/mnt'
# Create subvolumes. # Create subvolumes.
btrfs subvolume create ~/subvolume btrfs subvolume create ~/subvolume
sudo btrfs subvolume create /mnt/subvolume sudo btrfs subvolume create '/mnt/subvolume'
# Create a readonly snapshot of a subvolume. # Create a readonly snapshot of a subvolume.
btrfs subvolume snapshot ~/subvolume ~/snapshot btrfs subvolume snapshot ~/subvolume ~/snapshot
sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot -r /mnt/volume/subvolume /mnt/volume/snapshot sudo btrfs subvolume snapshot -r '/mnt/volume/subvolume' '/mnt/volume/snapshot'
# Mount subvolumes without mounting their main filesystem. # Mount subvolumes without mounting their main filesystem.
sudo mount -o subvol=sv1 /dev/sdb /mnt sudo mount -o 'subvol=sv1' '/dev/sdb' '/mnt'
# Delete a subvolume. # Delete a subvolume.
sudo btrfs subvolume delete --commit-each /mnt/volume/subvolume sudo btrfs subvolume delete --commit-each '/mnt/volume/subvolume'
# Deduplicate a volume's blocks. # Deduplicate a volume's blocks.
sudo duperemove -Adrh --hashfile=/tmp/dr.hash /mnt/volume1 /media volume2 sudo duperemove -Adrh --hashfile='/tmp/dr.hash' '/mnt/volume1' '/media' 'volume2'
sudo jdupes --dedupe -rZ /mnt/volume1 /media volume2 sudo jdupes --dedupe -rZ '/mnt/volume1' '/media' 'volume2'
# Send and receive snapshots. # Send and receive snapshots.
sudo btrfs send /source/.snapshots/snap \ sudo btrfs send '/source/.snapshots/snap' \
| sudo btrfs receive /destination/.snapshots/ | sudo btrfs receive '/destination/.snapshots/'
# Show the properties of a subvolume/filesystem/inode/device. # Show the properties of a subvolume/filesystem/inode/device.
btrfs property get -ts /path/to/subvolume btrfs property get -ts 'path/to/subvolume'
btrfs property get -tf /path/to/filesystem btrfs property get -tf 'path/to/filesystem'
btrfs property get -ti /path/to/inode btrfs property get -ti 'path/to/inode'
btrfs property get -td /path/to/device btrfs property get -td 'path/to/device'
btrfs property get /path/to/autoselected/type/of/resource btrfs property get 'path/to/autoselected/type/of/resource'
# Change a subvolume to RO on the fly. # Change a subvolume to RO on the fly.
btrfs property set -ts /path/to/subvolume ro true btrfs property set -ts 'path/to/subvolume' 'ro' 'true'
# Show a volume's information. # Show a volume's information.
sudo btrfs subvolume show /path/to/subvolume sudo btrfs subvolume show 'path/to/subvolume'
# Check the compress ratio of a compressed volume. # Check the compress ratio of a compressed volume.
sudo compsize /mnt/volume sudo compsize '/mnt/volume'
# Show the status of a running or paused balance operation. # Show the status of a running or paused balance operation.
sudo btrfs balance status path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs balance status 'path/to/filesystem'
# Balance all block groups. # Balance all block groups.
# Slow: rewrites all blocks in filesystem. # Slow: rewrites all blocks in filesystem.
sudo btrfs balance start path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs balance start 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs balance start path/to/filesystem --bg --enqueue sudo btrfs balance start 'path/to/filesystem' --bg --enqueue
# Balance data block groups which are less than 15% utilized. # Balance data block groups which are less than 15% utilized.
# Run the operation in the background # Run the operation in the background
sudo btrfs balance start --bg -dusage=15 path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs balance start --bg -dusage='15' 'path/to/filesystem'
# Balance a max of 10 metadata chunks with less than 20% utilization and at # Balance a max of 10 metadata chunks with less than 20% utilization and at
# least 1 chunk on a given device 'devid'. # least 1 chunk on a given device 'devid'.
# Get the device's devid with `btrfs filesystem show`. # Get the device's devid with `btrfs filesystem show`.
sudo btrfs balance start -musage=20,limit=10,devid=devid path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs balance start -musage='20,limit=10,devid=devid' 'path/to/filesystem'
# Convert data blocks to the raid6 profile, and metadata to raid1c3. # Convert data blocks to the 'raid6' profile, and metadata to 'raid1c3'.
sudo btrfs balance start -dconvert=raid6 -mconvert=raid1c3 path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs balance start -dconvert='raid6' -mconvert='raid1c3' 'path/to/filesystem'
# Convert data blocks to raid1 skipping already converted chunks. # Convert data blocks to raid1 skipping already converted chunks.
# Useful after a previous cancelled conversion operation. # Useful after a previous cancelled conversion operation.
sudo btrfs balance start -dconvert=raid1,soft path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs balance start -dconvert='raid1,soft' 'path/to/filesystem'
# Cancel, pause or resume a running or paused balance operation. # Cancel, pause or resume a running or paused balance operation.
sudo btrfs balance cancel path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs balance cancel 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs balance pause path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs balance pause 'path/to/filesystem'
sudo btrfs balance resume path/to/filesystem sudo btrfs balance resume 'path/to/filesystem'
# Enable quota. # Enable quota.
sudo btrfs quota enable path/to/subvolume sudo btrfs quota enable 'path/to/subvolume'
# Show quota. # Show quota.
sudo btrfs qgroup show path/to/subvolume sudo btrfs qgroup show 'path/to/subvolume'
# Convert ext3/ext4 to btrfs. # Convert ext3/ext4 to btrfs.
btrfs-convert /dev/sdb1 btrfs-convert '/dev/sdb1'
# Convert btrfs to ext3/ext4. # Convert btrfs to ext3/ext4.
btrfs-convert -r /dev/sdb1 btrfs-convert -r '/dev/sdb1'
``` ```
## Check differences between 2 snapshots ## Check differences between 2 snapshots
@@ -120,7 +125,8 @@ btrfs-convert -r /dev/sdb1
See also [snapper]. See also [snapper].
```sh ```sh
sudo btrfs send --no-data -p /old/snapshot /new/snapshot | sudo btrfs receive --dump sudo btrfs send --no-data -p '/old/snapshot' '/new/snapshot' \
| sudo btrfs receive --dump
# requires you to be using snapper for your snapshots # requires you to be using snapper for your snapshots
sudo snapper -c config diff 445..446 sudo snapper -c config diff 445..446