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refactor: moved to the right userland
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Michele Cereda
1
knowledge base/bsd userland/pw.placeholder
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knowledge base/bsd userland/pw.placeholder
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https://man.freebsd.org/cgi/man.cgi?pw(8)
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knowledge base/fhs.placeholder
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knowledge base/fhs.placeholder
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# Filesystem hierarchy standard
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https://refspecs.linuxfoundation.org/fhs.shtml
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@@ -24,14 +24,11 @@ All the references in the [further readings] section, plus the following:
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References
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-->
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<!-- Upstream -->
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[software]: https://www.gnu.org/software/
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<!-- In-article sections -->
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[further readings]: #further-readings
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<!-- Knowledge base -->
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[parallel]: parallel.md
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<!-- Upstream -->
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[software]: https://www.gnu.org/software/
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<!-- Others -->
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[gnu userland]: https://www.linux.org/threads/gnu-userland.11066/
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knowledge base/gnu userland/useradd.md
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knowledge base/gnu userland/useradd.md
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# The `useradd` command
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Creates new users.
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1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
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1. [Sources](#sources)
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## TL;DR
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```sh
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# Create *regular* (non-system) users.
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sudo useradd 'username'
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sudo useradd -p 'encrypted password' 'username'
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sudo useradd --password 'encrypted password' 'username'
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# Create *system* users without an home directory.
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sudo useradd -r 'username'
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sudo useradd --system 'username'
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# Specify the user ID.
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sudo useradd -u '1005' …
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sudo useradd --uid '1002' …
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# Specify the primary group.
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sudo useradd -g '100' …
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sudo useradd --gid 'users' …
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# Specify the expiration date.
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sudo useradd -e '2022-10-10' …
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sudo useradd --expiredate '2022-04-13' …
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# Specify the login shell.
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sudo useradd -s '/bin/bash' …
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sudo useradd --shell '/usr/bin/fish' …
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# Add the new users to *additional* groups.
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sudo useradd -G 'audio' …
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sudo useradd --groups 'video,wheel' …
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# Force the creation of the new users' default home directory.
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sudo useradd -m …
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sudo useradd --create-home …
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# Avoid the creation of the new users' default home directory.
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sudo useradd -M …
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sudo useradd --no-create-home …
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# Force the creation of a group with the same name as the users.
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sudo useradd -U …
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sudo useradd --user-group …
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# Avoid the creation of a group with the same name as the users.
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sudo useradd -N …
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sudo useradd --no-user-group …
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# Create the users' home directory with specific template files.
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sudo useradd -k 'path/to/template/directory' -m …
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sudo useradd --skel 'path/to/template/directory' -m …
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# Create a regular user with a home directory and the 'users' group as its
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# primary group.
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sudo useradd -mN -g 'users' -p '1234' 'user'
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```
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## Sources
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- [cheat.sh]
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<!--
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References
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-->
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<!-- Others -->
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[cheat.sh]: https://cheat.sh/useradd
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@@ -10,14 +10,16 @@ Delete users accounts and their related files.
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## TL;DR
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```sh
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# Remove a user.
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sudo userdel username
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# Remove users.
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sudo userdel 'username'
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# Remove a user in other root directory.
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sudo userdel --root path/to/other/root username
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# Remove users from other (ch)root directories.
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sudo userdel -R 'path/to/other/root' …
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sudo userdel --root 'path/to/other/root' …
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# Remove a user along with the home directory and mail spool.
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sudo userdel --remove username
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# Remove users along with their home directory and mail spool.
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sudo userdel -r …
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sudo userdel --remove …
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```
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## Sources
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57
knowledge base/gnu userland/usermod.md
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knowledge base/gnu userland/usermod.md
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# The `usermod` command
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## Table of contents <!-- omit in toc -->
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1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
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1. [Sources](#sources)
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## TL;DR
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```sh
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# Change users' primary group.
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sudo usermod -g 'docker' 'bob'
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sudo usermod --gid 'sudo' 'luke'
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# Add/remove users to/from supplementary groups.
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sudo usermod -aG 'wheel' 'carly'
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sudo usermod --append --groups 'kvm,video,audio' 'alice'
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sudo usermod -rG 'sudo,admin' 'eve'
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sudo usermod --remove --groups 'proftpd' 'dina'
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# Change users' login name.
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sudo usermod -l 'to-stephen' 'from-michael'
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sudo usermod --login 'to-floyd' 'from-rene'
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# Change users' ID.
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sudo usermod -u '1005' 'farra'
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sudo usermod --uid '1001' 'hugo'
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# Change users' login shell.
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sudo usermod -s '/bin/zsh' 'rick'
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sudo usermod --shell '/usr/bin/fish' 'morty'
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# Change users' password.
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sudo usermod -p 'encrypted password' 'john'
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sudo usermod --password 'encrypted password' 'snow'
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# Lock/unlock users.
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sudo usermod -L 'damian'
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sudo usermod --lock 'sergio'
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sudo usermod -U 'ivan'
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sudo usermod --unlock 'lez'
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# Change users' home directory.
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sudo usermod -md 'path/to/new/home' 'lenny'
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sudo usermod --move-home --home 'path/to/new/home' 'lonny'
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```
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## Sources
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- [cheat.sh]
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<!--
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References
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-->
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<!-- Others -->
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[cheat.sh]: https://cheat.sh/usermod
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@@ -20,10 +20,10 @@ All the references in the [further readings] section, plus the following:
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References
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-->
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<!-- Upstream -->
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<!-- In-article sections -->
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[further readings]: #further-readings
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<!-- Knowledge base -->
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<!-- Files -->
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<!-- Upstream -->
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<!-- Others -->
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@@ -1,49 +0,0 @@
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# The `useradd` command
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Creates new users.
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## Table of contents <!-- omit in toc -->
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1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
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1. [Sources](#sources)
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## TL;DR
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```sh
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# Create a new user.
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sudo useradd username
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sudo useradd -p encryptedPassword username
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# Create a new user with the specified user ID.
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sudo useradd --uid id username
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# Create a new user with the specified expiration date.
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sudo useradd -e 2022-10-10 username
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# Create a new user with the specified shell.
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sudo useradd --shell path/to/shell username
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# Create a new user belonging to additional groups.
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sudo useradd --groups group1,group2,... username
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# Create a new user with or without its default home directory.
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sudo useradd --create-home username
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sudo useradd --no-create-home username
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# Create a new user with the home directory filled by template directory files.
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sudo useradd --skel path/to/template_directory --create-home username
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# Create a new system user without the home directory.
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sudo useradd --system username
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```
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## Sources
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- [cheat.sh]
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<!--
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References
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-->
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<!-- Others -->
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[cheat.sh]: https://cheat.sh/useradd
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@@ -1,48 +0,0 @@
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# The `usermod` command
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## Table of contents <!-- omit in toc -->
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1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
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1. [Sources](#sources)
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## TL;DR
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```sh
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# Change a user's primary group.
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sudo usermod -g docker bob
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# Add/remove a user to/from supplementary groups.
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sudo usermod -aG wheel carly
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sudo usermod --append --groups kvm,video,audio alice
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sudo usermod -rG sudo,admin eve
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# Change a user's login name
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sudo usermod --login to-stephen from-micha
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# Change a user's ID.
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sudo usermod --uid 1001 hugo
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# Change a user's shell.
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sudo usermod --shell /usr/bin/zsh rick
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# Change a user's password.
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sudo usermod -p encryptedPassword john
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# Lock/unlock a user.
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sudo usermod -L damian
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sudo usermod -U luke
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# Change a user's home directory.
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sudo usermod --move-home --home path/to/new_home lonny
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```
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## Sources
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- [cheat.sh]
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<!--
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References
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-->
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<!-- Others -->
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[cheat.sh]: https://cheat.sh/usermod
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