diff --git a/knowledge base/acronyms and abbreviations.md b/knowledge base/acronyms and abbreviations.md index b0a216d..43d9861 100644 --- a/knowledge base/acronyms and abbreviations.md +++ b/knowledge base/acronyms and abbreviations.md @@ -162,6 +162,7 @@ [fish]: fish.md [iac]: iac.md [kubernetes]: kubernetes/README.md +[lora]: lora.md [siem]: siem.md [ssh]: ssh.md [sssd]: sssd.md diff --git a/knowledge base/lora.md b/knowledge base/lora.md new file mode 100644 index 0000000..2a5c7e0 --- /dev/null +++ b/knowledge base/lora.md @@ -0,0 +1,138 @@ +# LoRa + +FIXME + +Acronym for _Long Range_. + +Physical layer for wireless communication networks.
+Includes the modulation technique used for long-range, low-power communication. + +LoRa is the radio signal that transmits the data over the air using spread spectrum technology. + +Ensures long-distance communication and robust data transmission using Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) modulation. It is +responsible for the low-level radio transmission. + +Deals with the physical transmission of data over the air. It is concerned with the signal characteristics and the +method of transmitting data. + +Focuses on LoRa chipsets and their ability to transmit data to the cloud over long distances using minimal power. + +Does not include security mechanisms; it is purely a physical layer technology. + +LoRa is the radio signal that carries the data, and LoRaWAN is the communication protocol that controls and defines how +that data is communicated across the network. + +LoRa is a wireless modulation technique derived from Chirp Spread Spectrum (CSS) technology. It encodes information on +radio waves using chirp pulses - similar to the way dolphins and bats communicate! LoRa modulated transmission is robust +against disturbances and can be received across great distances. + +LoRa is ideal for applications that transmit small chunks of data with low bit rates. Data can be transmitted at a +longer range compared to technologies like WiFi, Bluetooth or ZigBee. These features make LoRa well suited for sensors +and actuators that operate in low power mode. + +LoRa can be operated on the license free sub-gigahertz bands, for example, 915 MHz, 868 MHz, and 433 MHz. It also can be +operated on 2.4 GHz to achieve higher data rates compared to sub-gigahertz bands, at the cost of range. These +frequencies fall into ISM bands that are reserved internationally for industrial, scientific, and medical purposes. + + + +1. [TL;DR](#tldr) +1. [LoRaWAN](#lorawan) +1. [Further readings](#further-readings) + 1. [Sources](#sources) + +## TL;DR + + + + + + + +## LoRaWAN + +FIXME + +Acronym for _Long Range Wide Area Network_. + +Network standard and system architecture for managing communication between LoRaWAN devices and the network server. + +Defines the communication standard and system architecture at the MAC (Medium Access Control) layer. + +Registered specification for low power, wide area networking. + +Designed to wirelessly connect battery operated _things_ to the Internet in regional, national or global networks.
+Targets key Internet of Things (IoT) requirements like bi-directional communication, end-to-end security, mobility and +localization services. + +Operates in **unlicensed** radio frequency bands. + +Known for having long-range capabilities (up to 15 km in rural areas), low power consumption, and the ability to connect +a large number of devices to a single network. + +Manages device communication, data rates, and battery life, overseeing how data is sent and received, including +security, data integrity, and the overall network structure. + +Encompasses the entire network stack, including network management, communication protocols, and application interfaces, +ensuring data is properly routed and devices are managed efficiently. + +Includes end-devices, gateways, network servers, and application servers, coordinating how data is relayed, managed, and +utilized across the network. + +Implements security measures like encryption and device authentication to protect data integrity and privacy. + +LoRaWAN is a Media Access Control (MAC) layer protocol built on top of LoRa modulation. It is a software layer which +defines how devices use the LoRa hardware, for example when they transmit, and the format of messages. + +The Things Network is powered by The Things Stack, which is a LoRaWAN network server that receives messages from +LoRaWAN devices. + +The LoRaWAN protocol is developed and maintained by the [LoRa Alliance]. + +## Further readings + +- [LoRa Alliance] +- [The Things Network] + +### Sources + +- [What are LoRa and LoRaWAN?] + + + + + + + + +[lora alliance]: https://lora-alliance.org/ +[the things network]: https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/ +[what are lora and lorawan?]: https://www.thethingsnetwork.org/docs/lorawan/what-is-lorawan/