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chore: vastly expand notes about nixos
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Michele Cereda
65
knowledge base/guix system.md
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65
knowledge base/guix system.md
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# Guix system
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TODO
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1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
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1. [Further readings](#further-readings)
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1. [Sources](#sources)
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## TL;DR
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<!-- Uncomment if used
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<details>
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<summary>Setup</summary>
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```sh
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```
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</details>
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-->
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<!-- Uncomment if used
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<details>
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<summary>Usage</summary>
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```sh
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```
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</details>
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-->
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<!-- Uncomment if used
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<details>
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<summary>Real world use cases</summary>
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```sh
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```
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</details>
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-->
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## Further readings
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- [Website]
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- [Main repository]
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- [Guix]
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- [NixOS]
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### Sources
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<!--
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Reference
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═╬═Time══
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-->
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<!-- In-article sections -->
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<!-- Knowledge base -->
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[guix]: guix.md
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[nixos]: nixos.md
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<!-- Files -->
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<!-- Upstream -->
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[main repository]: https://github.com/project/
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[website]: https://guix.gnu.org/
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<!-- Others -->
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69
knowledge base/guix.md
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69
knowledge base/guix.md
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# Guix
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Package manager for GNU/Linux systems.
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Takes inspiration from [Nix].<br/>
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Uses [Guile] for its configuration files.
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1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
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1. [Further readings](#further-readings)
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1. [Sources](#sources)
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## TL;DR
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<!-- Uncomment if used
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<details>
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<summary>Setup</summary>
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```sh
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```
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</details>
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-->
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<!-- Uncomment if used
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<details>
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<summary>Usage</summary>
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```sh
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```
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</details>
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-->
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<!-- Uncomment if used
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<details>
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<summary>Real world use cases</summary>
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```sh
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```
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</details>
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-->
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## Further readings
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- [Website]
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- [Main repository]
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- [Nix]
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- [Guix system]
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### Sources
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<!--
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Reference
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═╬═Time══
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-->
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<!-- In-article sections -->
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<!-- Knowledge base -->
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[guix system]: guix%20system.md
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[nix]: nix.md
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<!-- Files -->
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<!-- Upstream -->
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[main repository]: https://savannah.gnu.org/git/?group=guix
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[website]: https://guix.gnu.org/
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<!-- Others -->
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[guile]: https://www.gnu.org/software/guile/
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@@ -1,13 +1,14 @@
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# The Nix package manager
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## Table of contents <!-- omit in toc -->
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1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
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1. [Further readings](#further-readings)
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1. [Sources](#sources)
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## TL;DR
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<details>
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<summary>Setup</summary>
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```sh
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# Install Nix in single-user mode (suggested).
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# Works on most Linux even *without systemd* or with SELinux *enabled*.
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@@ -20,9 +21,32 @@ curl -L 'https://nixos.org/nix/install' | sh
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bash <(curl -L 'https://nixos.org/nix/install') --daemon
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# Uninstall Nix in single-user mode.
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# Also remove references from '~/.bash_profile' and '~/.zshenv'.
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rm -rf '/nix'
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# Uninstall Nix in multi-user mode.
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# Oooh boi.
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# Check https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/installation/uninstall#multi-user.
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```
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</details>
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<details>
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<summary>Usage</summary>
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```sh
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# List configured channels.
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nix-channel --list
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# Add channels.
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nix-channel --add 'https://channels.nixos.org/nixos-24.05' 'nixos'
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nix-channel --add 'https://channels.nixos.org/nixos-24.05-small' 'nixos'
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nix-channel --add 'https://channels.nixos.org/nixos-unstable' 'nixos'
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# Remove channels.
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nix-channel --remove 'nixos'
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# Update channels.
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nix-channel --update
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nix-channel --update 'nixpkgs'
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@@ -38,6 +62,11 @@ nix-env --query --installed
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nix-env -qa --attr 'nixpkgs'
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nix-env --query --available --attr 'nixpkgs'
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# Search packages.
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# See <https://nixos.wiki/wiki/Searching_packages>
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curl 'https://search.nixos.org/packages?channel=24.05&from=0&size=150&sort=relevance&type=packages&query=vscode'
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nix --extra-experimental-features 'nix-command' --extra-experimental-features 'flakes' search 'nixpkgs' 'git'
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# Install packages.
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nix-env -i 'coreutils'
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nix-env --install --attr 'nixpkgs.parallel'
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@@ -64,12 +93,18 @@ nix-shell --packages 'cowsay' 'lolcat'
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# state of the user environment, then run specific commands in it and exit.
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nix-shell -p 'cowsay' 'lolcat' --run 'cowsay "something" | lolcat'
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# Free up space occupied by unreachable store objects like packages used in
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# temporary shell environments.
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# Remove old and unreferenced packages.
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nix-collect-garbage
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nix-store --gc
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# Do the same for specific profiles.
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nix-env -p '/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/jonah/profile' --delete-generations 'old'
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nix-env -p '/nix/var/nix/profiles/per-user/sam/profile' --delete-generations '14d'
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# Delete old roots.
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# Removes the ability to roll back to the deleted ones.
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nix-collect-garbage --delete-old
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nix-collect-garbage -d --dry-run
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nix-store --gc
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# Evaluate Nix expressions in an interactive session.
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@@ -81,19 +116,21 @@ nix-instantiate --eval
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nix-instantiate --eval 'path/to/file.nix'
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# Uninstall Nix in single-user mode.
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# Also remove references from '~/.bash_profile' and '~/.zshenv'.
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rm -rf '/nix'
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# Scan the entire store for corrupt paths.
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nix-store --verify --check-contents --repair
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# Uninstall Nix in multi-user mode.
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# Oooh boi.
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# Check https://nixos.org/manual/nix/stable/installation/uninstall#multi-user.
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# Replace identical files with hard links.
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# It can take quite a while to finish.
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nix-store --optimise
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```
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</details>
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## Further readings
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- [Website]
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- [NixOS]
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- [Guix]
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### Sources
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@@ -105,6 +142,7 @@ rm -rf '/nix'
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-->
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<!-- Knowledge base -->
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[guix]: guix.md
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[nixos]: nixos.md
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<!-- Upstream -->
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@@ -1,17 +1,118 @@
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# NixOS
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TODO
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Linux distribution based on [Nix].
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1. [TL;DR](#tldr)
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1. [Automatic Upgrades](#automatic-upgrades)
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1. [Automatic package cleanup](#automatic-package-cleanup)
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1. [Further readings](#further-readings)
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## TL;DR
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Refer [Nix] for the package manager's commands.
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The `/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` file contains the current configuration of the local system.<br/>
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Execute `nixos-rebuild switch` **as root** whenever one changes something in there to apply the changes.
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When multiple modules define an option, NixOS will try to **merge** all the definitions.
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System configurations are stored in the `/nix/var/nix/profiles/system` profile.
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<details>
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<summary>Usage</summary>
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```sh
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# Open the manual in a browser window.
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nixos-help
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# Inspect the system configuration.
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nixos-rebuild repl
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# Apply changes to the system configuration.
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# Only builds the configuration.
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sudo nixos-rebuild build
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# Switches the running system to the new configuration.
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# Does *not* make it the default for booting.
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sudo nixos-rebuild test
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# Makes it the default for booting.
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# Does *not* apply it to the running system.
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sudo nixos-rebuild boot
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# Makes it the default configuration for booting.
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# Also tries to apply it to the running system.
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch
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# Make the new configuration show as an entry in GRUB.
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch -p 'new entry'
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# Upgrade NixOS to the latest version in the chosen channel.
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# Equivalent to `sudo nix-channel --update 'nixos' && nixos-rebuild switch`.
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sudo nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade
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# Test a new configuration in a sandbox.
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# Requires hardware virtualization.
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# Builds and runs a QEMU VM containing the desired configuration.
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sudo nixos-rebuild build-vm && ./result/bin/run-*-vm
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```
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```sh
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# Prefer using the '--attr' option with nix.
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# The normal command (e.g. `nix-env -i 'k3s'`) got always killed in tests.
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nix-env --install --attr 'nixos.k3s'
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nix-env --upgrade --attr 'nixos.parallel'
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```
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</details>
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## Automatic Upgrades
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Enable the `nixos-upgrade.service` to automatically keep a NixOS system up-to-date by adding the following to the
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`/etc/nixos/configuration.nix` file:
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```plaintext
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{
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system.autoUpgrade.enable = true;
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system.autoUpgrade.allowReboot = true;
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}
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```
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If the `allowReboot` option is set to `false`, the service just runs `nixos-rebuild switch --upgrade` to upgrade the
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system to the latest version in the current channel.<br/>
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If it is set to `true`, then the system will also automatically reboot if the new generation contains any different
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initrd, kernel or kernel module.
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Specify a channel explicitly in the same file, e.g.:
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```plaintext
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{ system.autoUpgrade.channel = "https://channels.nixos.org/nixos-24.05"; }
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```
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Check when the service runs by looking at the output of `systemctl list-timers 'nixos-upgrade.timer'`.
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## Automatic package cleanup
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Enable `nix-gc.service` to automatically remove old, unreferenced packages.
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One can set the system up to run this unit automatically at certain points in time:
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```plaintext
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{
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nix.gc.automatic = true;
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nix.gc.dates = "03:15";
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}
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```
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## Further readings
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- [Website]
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- [Manual]
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<!--
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||||
Reference
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||||
═╬═Time══
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||||
-->
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||||
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||||
<!-- Knowledge base -->
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[nix]: nix.md
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<!-- Upstream -->
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[manual]: https://nixos.org/manual/nixos/stable/
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[website]: https://nixos.org
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Reference in New Issue
Block a user